Monday, September 30, 2019

Ch 9 and 10

How are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis different? Osteoarthritis usually affects people 60 or older and is caused by increasing wear and tear at the joint surfaces or from genetic factors affecting collagen formation. On the other hand rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition. It is caused by the body attacking its own tissues as well as allergies, bacteria, viruses, and other genetic factors. 2) When the triceps brachii muscle contracts, what movements does it produce? When the triceps brachii muscle contracts, it produces extension of the arm. ) Why is the inferior region of the shoulder joint most vulnerable to dislocation? It is most vulnerable to dislocation because it is the most mobile synovial joint. Because of this it is frail and relies only on the surrounding ligaments, muscles, and tendons for stability. 4) A high school student comes to the emergency room complaining of persistent pain and stiffness in her shoulder joint. In talking with her, you discov er that she has been spending many hours trying to improve her pitching skills for her school's softball team.What is likely causing the pain? A shoulder subluxation is most likely causing her pain. This is a partial dislocation of the shoulder and is caused by her overusing her shoulder. This may cause a loose shoulder where her shoulder capsule will be stretched out as well as the ligaments. This could further lead to chronic shoulder instability. 5) Mary wants to enter a weight-lifting competition and consults you as to what type of muscle fibers she needs to develop and how she should go about it. What would you suggest to her?Mary needs to develop her fast muscle fibers. In order to do this, she will need to have frequent, brief and intensive workouts. She also needs to create muscle hypertrophy which will create an enlargement of the stimulated muscle. She can gain this by repeated and exhaustive stimulation which will create more mitochondria. With repeatedly stimulated muscl es she can create near-maximal tension. 6) Describe the basic sequence of events that occurs at the neuromuscular junction and in the muscle cell.The first step is the arrival of an action potential at the synaptic terminal, next is the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, then Ach binds at the motor end plate and causes sodium-ion to rush into sarcoplasm which is then quickly broken down by AChE. The last step is it returns to initial state which occurs if another action potential arrives at the NMJ. 7) Many visceral smooth muscle cells lack motor neuron innervation. How are their contractions coordinated and controlled? Visceral smooth muscle cell’s contractions are coordinated by rhythmic cycles of activity that are controlled by pacesetter cells. ) A hypothetical genetic disease causes the body to produce antibodies that compete with acetylcholine for receptors on the motor end plate. Patients with this disease exhibit varying degrees of muscle weakness and f laccid paralysis in the affected muscles. If you could administer a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase or a drug that blocks acetylcholine, which one would you use to alleviate these symptoms? I would use a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase so that acetylcholine is not blocked.If the disease is producing antibodies that compete with acetylcholine than we would not want a drug that blocks it, we would want to inhibit it to activate the muscles. 9) Thirty minutes after Mary has completed a 25-km race, she begins to notice severe muscle soreness and stiffness in her legs. Her urine is dark colored. She wonders whether she may have damaged her muscles during the race. She visits the ER, and the doctor orders several blood tests. What kind of blood tests can help determine whether muscle damage has occurred?The type of blood tests that can help determine whether muscle damage has occurred include Creatine kinase tests, blood enzyme tests, kidney tests, electrolytes tests, red blood cells tests, and a complete blood count test. 10) Describe a motor unit. How many fibers does a muscle unit contain? A motor unit is controlled by a single motor neuron. It contains hundreds of muscle fibers that contract at the same time. All of the fibers will be the same type and the number of muscle fibers will vary within each unit. Usually, the number of muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit is a purpose of a muscle's need for polished motion

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Effects of Punishment

Punishment and sentencing are an integral part of our criminal justice system. There are four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. There are some factors that that can affect how a wrongdoer is punished. There is a debate surrounding capital punishment with very distinct viewpoints. These topics will be covered in this paper. Purpose of Sentencing There are four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Retribution is the oldest and most common justification for punishing someone. In a system of justice that favors retribution, a wrongdoer who has freely chosen to violate society’s rules must be punished for the infraction. Retribution relies on the principle of just deserts, which holds that the severity of the punishment must be in proportion to the severity of the crime. This is not the same as revenge because retribution is more concerned with the needs of society as a whole instead of just the victim or victims. Deterrence seeks to punish wrongdoers and to prevent future crimes by â€Å"setting an example. By setting an example society is sending a message to potential criminals that certain actions will not be tolerated. There are two forms of deterrence: general and specific. The basic idea of general deterrence is that by punishing one person, others will be dissuaded from committing a similar crime. Specific deterrence assumes that an individual, after being punished once for a certain act, will be less likely to repeat that act because she or he does not want to be punished again. Incapacitation is another strategy for preventing crime. Incapacitation is the detention of wrongdoers in prison, preventing the offender from committing any future crimes. The final philosophy is rehabilitation. The philosophy of rehabilitation is that society is best served when wrongdoers are not simply punished, but provided the resources needed to eliminate criminality from their behavioral patterns. Factors of Sentencing The sentencing ritual strongly lends itself to the concept of individualized justice. There are two factors that most judges consider before sentencing a wrongdoer, the seriousness of the crime and if there are any mitigating or aggravating circumstances. The Seriousness of the Crime is the primary factor in a judge’s sentencing decision. The more serious the crime is, the harsher the punishment. Every judge has their own method of determining the seriousness of an offense. Most judges will simply consider the â€Å"conviction offense†; that’s where they base the sentence on the crime for which the defendant was convicted. Other judges focus on the â€Å"real offense† in determining the punishment for a wrongdoer. The â€Å"real offense† is based on the actual behavior of the defendant, regardless of the official conviction. Many prosecutors and defense attorneys are opposed to â€Å"real offense† procedures because they can render a plea bargain meaningless. Mitigating and aggravating circumstances are circumstances surrounding a crime that may prompt a judge to adjust the sentence so that it more accurately reflects the totality of the crime. Mitigating circumstances are circumstances that may justify a lighter sentence and aggravating circumstances are circumstances may justify a harsher sentence. A defendant’s youth or the fact that the defendant was coerced into committing the crime could be considered a mitigating circumstance. A prior record, a blatant disregard for safety, or the use of a weapon can be aggravating circumstances that could lead a judge to inflict a harsher penalty than might otherwise be the case. Capital Punishment Capital punishment is the use of the death penalty to punish wrongdoers for certain crimes. Capital punishment is the ultimate deterrent by rendering those executed incapable of committing further crimes. If a murderer is dead they will no longer be a threat to society. Another viewpoint is that the criminal justice system is infallible. What this viewpoint says is that many American men and women who had been convicted of capital crimes and sentenced to death were later found to be innocent. That is the problem with the system that sometimes prosecutors will convict an innocent person just to close a case. Conclusion The four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing are an integral part of our criminal justice system. There are some factors that that can affect how a wrongdoer is punished. The debate surrounding capital punishment will most likely never end since every side has their own viewpoints.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Why is the UK the TOP Destination for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Essay

Why is the UK the TOP Destination for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the European Union - Essay Example The United States yet maintains to be the forerunner amongst the investors into the UK alongside Germany, Japan, India and France. The recently published World Investment Report, nowadays by the â€Å"UNCTAD† (Green 2011) illustrates that the UK is one of the most favored nations for FDI in European Union and third globally. According to the report published by UNCTAD, the stock of FDI in the United Kingdom is $US 1,086 billion of FDI stock. This report strengthens the position of the UK as one of the most attractive business destinations of the world. Susan Haird, acting CEO of UK Trade & Investment talking about this report said that this report strengthens the attractiveness of UK’s Foreign Direct Investment. Significant potential future Foreign Direct Investment gains are likely from further incorporation, particularly subsequent successful liberalization of services organizations. The long-term FDI cost of withdrawal would be significant. EU Impact on UK FDI: UK ha s been capable to attract comparatively more FDI than a number of other European financial systems as a consequence of market incorporation. As a percentage of GDP the UK also catch the attentions of more FDI than the United State. UK Trade & Investment has played a significant role in promoting UK as an attractive FDI location to the overseas investors and to come them to the UK for investment. â€Å"Worldwide, most FDI is between Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The USA accounts for just under a quarter of global FDI, outward and inward† (Milne 1999). Worldwide, the United Kingdom is the second largest outward depositor and the third largest receiver of inward investment. In the year of1998 and 1999 outward British Foreign Direct Investment was alike in value to outward United State Foreign Direct Investment. The UK, with stretchy labor marketplaces and a tradition of physically powerful incorporation into worldwide FDI flows would be well-placed to catch the attention of an important share of future FDI flows, mainly in high- efficiency knowledge- rigorous businesses. The World Investment Report demonstrates that, the UK has outperformed a declining European marketplace, the share of UK’s FDI stock enlarged â€Å"while the overall stock of FDI in Europe declined to $7,614 billion from $7,951 billion† (UK is Europe’s Top Destination for Foreign Direct Inward Investment 2011) in the year of 2009 and that in the European Union fell to $6,890 from $7,296 in the year of 2009. According to the report, 46% of the investors are faithful to the United Kingdom, which helped attracting repeat business. Now, it is very much necessary for the government of UK to focus more on attracting new shareholders from BRICs. Infrastructure and Technology, quality of life and constant financial environment, customs and language are cited as the key characteristics that made the UK more attractive for the investors . â€Å"The UK attracted 728 FDI projects in 2010, up 7% on 2009, compared with 562 projects in France and 560 in Germany — whose projects rose by 34%, bolstered by its position as the number one location for Chinese investment.† (Destination UK: Sustaining Success in the New Economy 2011). This denotes that since in the year of 2004, the UK has been chosen as the site of choice for around one in five of every investment announcements crossways Europe. Why UK has been Successful in FDI: FDI brings various advantages to the UK financial system such as rising employment and productivity, inspiring competition, and rising efficiency.

Friday, September 27, 2019

Dance review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dance - Movie Review Example The performance is structured around a collection of themes as well as reoccurring settings. The work can be viewed as being light but punctuated with some heavier moments. The choreographer, Barton ventures more into subjects regarding femininity, masculinity, ritual, water and nurture. The choreography depicted from the performance is quite demanding but despite this the performers rise to the challenge. There are three dancers that standout due to the fact that they are heavily featured: Davon Rainey, William Briscoe and Jonathan Alsberry. The three dancers are quite captivating based on their fast as well as a percussive unison section where they are able to sway their hips and also strut their things in a quite incredible but yet masculine way. The piece Awaa is a one evening length that is performed within a condensed time frame of about 45 minutes from the full version which was 75 minutes(Barton). The dance is a group work performed by six male and one female. The movements are simple and effectively magnified in order to suit the rhythm of the music selected. The dance movements are fast and greatly coordinated among the dancers. The dancers move at a meditative pace as they execute each routine of their performance. Based on my perception I tend to think that the choreographer, Barton tends to leave most of the explanation of the performance to the audience. Nevertheless, the performance made me view different aspects that are involved in choreography. The work clearly shows the relationship that tends to exist between dance and music. The dance routine must be greatly coordinated with the music that goes along with it. The piece Awaa has a unique dance routine that tries to tell a story based on the subjects of femininity and masculinity but due to the element of confusing array of the projected images it is quite difficult to formulate the entire story or what message the dance is trying to pass across to the audience. The dancers

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Research Proposal - Essay Example As the free trade agreement was signed by the United States and Cambodia within WTO (World Trade Organization), the country became the â€Å"favorite† supplier of brand clothes for American shopping malls. However, the situation is rather grave as Cambodian workers (with mainly women from rural areas being among them) face inadequate and extremely poor working conditions as well as low wages. Most workers have to live on only 3 dollars a day, working hard in unfavorable factory conditions (Tolson, 2014). It is also remarkable that almost a half of a day wage has to be spent for meal. Thus, seeking to save money, Cambodian workers often share meals, that eventually leads to malnutrition and fainting (Tolson, 2014). Fainting has affected about 4000 factory workers in the recent years, with cases of mass fainting in the workplace. This concerning fact couldn’t go unattended as faintings were caused by hunger, heat, poor ventilation, long working days and inhalation of chem ical substances for fabric processing. Considering the abundant evidences, one can easily conclude that labor rights are blatantly violated in Cambodia, violations were so numerous that last months of 2013 and first part of 2014 brought workers’ strikes and protests in Cambodia’s capital Phnom Penh with demands to increase wage. Garment industry workers are paid beyond the subsistent minimum wage. The situation went far enough for the government to deploy police for suppression of protests leaving several people dead and numerous of them wounded. Moreover, this summer, several lethal cases were reported with women fainting in the workplace and then dying. Labor unions try to promote their demands of minimum wage increase so that workers can afford adequate existence. Community Legal Education Center (CLEC), an organization advocating for human and labor rights, tries to convince main brands having their capacities in Cambodia to implement the program of free meals for workers

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Aircraft Materials and Hardware Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aircraft Materials and Hardware - Essay Example This, thus imply that race was the main subject under scrutiny. In this respect, the researcher showed that only AA children displayed association between cardiovascular regulation, BMI growth, and childhood obesity. As much as the researcher conclusively showed that poor cardiovascular regulations can be a serious risk factor for the development of obesity, the complete mechanism of this link could not be assessed by this study (Graziano et al., 2011). It is therefore prudent to set up a research that investigate if there was an association between obesity and cardiovascular diseases among children within the age range five to ten but not limited to African American children. It is also evidenced from the literature so far explored that there is lacking research to ascertain if age is a factor as far as childhood obesity cases are concerned. Clearly, most researchers tend to focus on other factors as gender, and genetics providing little information on how different age groups among children differed significantly or not. For instance, it is cited that Childhood obesity is increasing at the alarming rate worldwide with America alone having 17% obese children and adolescent between the age of 2 and 19. This studies show that although genetic compositions are still regarded as major contributor, obesity among children has almost doubled in recent years indicating change in lifestyle as an important reason. In another separate study, which used a minimum of 30 students from 134 high schools of America, the study population was classified according to region, size, ethnicity, and curriculum. This study evaluated the influence of physical activities, sedentary activities, and dietary habits on AA childhood obesity. Results, as recorded by Dodor et al. (2010) in this article, state that low physical activities and high sedentary lifestyle increase body weight and obesity in the adolescents. Also, greater intake of fruits and vegetable reduce obesity. However, this s tudy did not establish any relation between different age groups children in relation to obesity. One or two statements concerning age as a factor were mentioned however, there is no detailed study that focused on age as a dominant factor among children. This paper thus, proposes a research to be conducted to ascertain if obesity significantly changes as children transform from toddlers to adolescence. In the proposed study seeking to ascertain if there existed an association between obesity and cardiovascular diseases among children within the age range five to ten but not limited to African American children, the researcher should employ a quantitative research

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Marketing audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Marketing audit - Essay Example The study discusses potential theories and literatures available on marketing audit and describes its importance for present day organizations. Conducting a marketing audit for any organization involves analysis of the external and internal environments of the organization. Analysis of the external environment can be done through various models and frameworks which have been proposed by previous researchers. These analytical frameworks consider various crucial aspects of the external environment which have potential influence on the business operations of the organization. While scanning the environmental elements of Lenovo various factors have been considered which are external to the organization and have significant influence on it. Similarly the internal environment of the organization has also been analyzed deeply to identify the potential strengths and barriers which exist within the organization. While scanning the internal environmental of the organisation, various theories a nd analysis have been implemented to analyse the resources and capabilities present within it. For data collection various news and texts have been used as secondary sources. These organizational data are analyzed and inferred for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. A systematic plan for action has been suggested as recommendation at the end of the report. Marketing audit states the importance of aligning the marketing operations with the objectives of the business as well as the capabilities of the organization. Once it gets aligned, the organization experiences increased level of potential in its profit making and marketing activities. If classified broadly the process of marketing audit involves proper understanding of the goals, identifying current resources and techniques to be utilized by the organization, collecting information from organizational and non-organizational sources for understanding the internal environment of the organization and

Monday, September 23, 2019

Operations and Projects Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations and Projects Management - Essay Example The quality of service to a customer is paramount in any service firm, and the Bank of Muscat has not underrated this fact. It is one of the banks offering the best quality of banking services in Oman. The bank has a strong believe in quality leadership that seeks to challenge everything the bank does. Such an approach helps the bank maintain and improve the quality of services offered. The bank’s quality policy is pegged on building and maintaining a good reputation and image by offering the best quality in services and products to customers (Ilin, 2010). The bank targets both international and international markets and boasts more about offering products that exceed the needs of their customers. On quality, the bank pursues the following objectives; Govindarajo & Kalyani, (2013, p. 569) Conducted a study to examined how the bank uses relationship marketing to deliver quality service to its customers. They found that the quality of services was measured in terms of responsiveness, ambience, trust and assurance. Bank Muscat has done very well in delivering quality service through the quality management system that ensures responsiveness to customer queries and complaints, their banking halls are designed to offer the latest and more comfortable service thereby creating the required ambience (Bank Muscat, 2013). Customers are served almost as soon as they appear on the bank. This has helped the bank to gain trust since customers are assured of the best service. The bank employees are specially trained to handle customers by offering the best services. The design of the banking facilities is one of the best in Oman as technology has been used to improve customer experience and delivery of service (Ilin, 2010). The bank is better pl aced because its services and products are based on Islamic beliefs, which are the fundamental religion in the area. The bank has designed its products to cover both individuals and

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Can one argue that we live in an all-inclusive Information Society Essay

Can one argue that we live in an all-inclusive Information Society Illustrate your answer by offering examples from the media a - Essay Example ICT has proven its worth for providing economic developments, improving the quality of living, opening employment opportunities, and linking people no matter where they may be located in the world. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not one can argue that people live in an all-inclusive Information Society. Hence, it will dig into details such as the background of the network society, the definition and facts about all-inclusive information society, some issues that surround it, the influence of media and other communications industries, and the arguments, advantages, and disadvantages of the issue in focus. Background of All-inclusive Information Society The e-inclusion policy of Europe aims to lessen disparities when it comes to ICT usage among every single person despite social status. This policy wishes to create an all-inclusive information society, also known as the network society wherein everyone can create their own opportunities in business, education, and e mployment by being able to access reliable information through the different tools and services provided by ICT easily (International Telecommunication Union 2012). Manuel Castells (cited in Glass 2005, p. 9) once postulated that ‘in a new network economy, information becomes a key factor in economic productivity.’ For example, the flow of stocks in the market is based on relevant information regarding businesses and finances, as well as social and technological trends. Hence, information is made known through ICT and the relevant information is being used to improve businesses and increase economies. The all-inclusive information society is needed in order to balance development in a nation—both the urban and rural areas. The ICT tools and services must be fairly accessible and convenient to all citizens so that they will access information equally relevant for the improvement of their quality of living for all types of people including the disabled, old, and th ose living in remote areas where there used to be difficulties in finding good signals to access the net (European Commission 2007). In the advent of technology, only few people were able to make use of the internet especially the educated ones. These days, almost everyone can use and access ICT tools and services—even children can go online and be able to do e-learning. However, despite these advancements, studies have shown that factors such as education, age, employment, culture, and language may impede the e-inclusion policy because these are major drawbacks in the effective usage of information and communication technologies (Webster 2006). Solutions to these have constantly been researched and studied in order to realise the policy fully. Countries like Europe have implemented this and are close to around 80% of success in the e-inclusion. They still need to do a lot of work, though, and they are aware of it. Other countries, especially those belonging to the third worl d country will find this a difficult task because first and foremost the availability and affordability percentage of people in using ICT tools and services is quite low, but the positive side is that there are more and more people becoming more literate to these technologies little by little (European Communities 2006). In an all-inclusive network society, every ICT user will be able to express his or her opinion, which is a great way to make

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Samsung and theme park in Korea Essay Example for Free

Samsung and theme park in Korea Essay Title of the case: Samsung and theme park industry in Korea 1) â€Å"Is the Global theme parks industry an interesting industry to be in? † a) Rivalry among existing competitors Is the industry growing rapidly? Yes,because of the increasingly fierce competition and the maturity of the market. Concentration Do the 4 biggest players have together more than 80% of market share? Yes, because 4 biggest players which are The Walt Disney Company,Time Warner’s Six Flags Corporation, Paramount, Anheuser Busch and Cedar Fair have together more than 80% of market share. Diversity of competitors Are competitors all of approximately the same size? No,because it depends on the land size and different regions Are the competitors diversified rather specialized? Yes. Theme parks generally have a global theme to propose. Diversity of competitors were getting more intense. Product differentiation Are there significant product differences and brand identities between the competitors? Yes,there was a variety of parks and attractions, each with a different approach to drawing crowds and showing them a good time. That are Cultural and Education Parks; Outdoor Amusement Park; Theme Parks were generally family-oriented entertainment complexes that were built around a theme;Water Theme Parks. That means theme is equal to brand. Are products complex and do they require a detailed understanding on the part of customers? No, the rides and attraction are not require information. Would customers incur significant costs in switching to a competitor? No,ticket prices for consumers is very cheap. Excess capacity and exit barriers Is the industry with no intermittent over capacity? No. Important over capacity of extra staff during spring and summer Is it hard to get out this business because there are specialized skills and facilities or long term contract commitments? Yes, it is. Economies of scale and the ratio of fixed to variable costs. Are there economies of scale in this industry? Yes, the economies of scale and scope were significant in the industry. Increasingly, Parks got larger and longer to generate more operating revenue. Also, companies had multiple parks to take advantage of the learning curve effects in the management of theme parks and the increased economies of scope. Most of the operating expenses for theme parks (about 75 per cent) were for personnel. Are the fixed costs of the business a relatively low portion of total costs? No, because land development costs around 50% of investments and advertising campaigns around 10%. b) Threat of new entrants Capital requirements Is a lot of capital needed to enter the industry? Yes, because the theme park business required a large-scale initial investment, typically ranging from $50 million to $3 billion. Is equipment expensive to acquire / to serve? Yes, because land development costs, Amusement machinery costs, Working capital and Amusement equipment are all expensive to acquire. Economies of scale Do large firms have a cost or performance advantage in the industry? Yes, they have. Many parks periodically added new attractions or renovated existing ones to draw repeat customers. The parks typically reinvested much of their revenue for expansion or upgrading purposes. Absolute cost advantages (â€Å"first mover advantage†) Does experience help to continuously lower costs? Yes, because large firm such as Walt Disney Company, its financial profile was generally used to assess the return on investment within the industry. The revenues for the theme parks segment of the Walt Disney Company were at US$2. 042 billion in 1988 and grew to US$3. 4 billion in 1993. Operating income was pegged at US$565 million in 1988 and US$747 million in 1993. With this clarification,large firms has enough experience to help to continuously lower costs,most of revenue to be reinvest for expansion purposes. Does a newcomer have any problems in obtaining the necessary skilled people, materials or suppliers? Yes, they have. In some countries, where land was scarce, governments limited the area of the land that the developers could take up for theme parks. Park administration was dependent on the government for utilities such as power, gas and water. A typical period required for arranging government approval for a theme park could be as high as two to five years,depending on the country. Product differentiation Are there any proprietary product differences in the industry? Yes,because the theme park industry had three classes of inputs: the building and construction services that provided landscaping and architectural support; the hardware providers that supplied amusement machinery; and the software providers that supplied management know-how. Are there any established brand identities? Yes, because the park manager should work with tour operators and government tourist promotion boards to draw the tourist crowds to their parks. Theme parks spent about 10 per cent of their annual revenues for advertising. Radio, newspaper, yellow page (telephone book) advertisements, family and group discounts, and direct mail were the most common promotional methods. Do customers incur any significant costs in switching suppliers? No, because the customers dont care about the price. Access to channels of distribution Does a newcomer to the industry face difficulty in accessing distribution channels? Yes, because theme parks spent about 10 per cent of their annual revenues for advertising. Radio, newspaper, yellow page (telephone book) advertisements, family and group discounts, and direct mail were the most common promotional methods. Governmental and legal barriers Are there any license, insurance of qualification which are difficult to obtain? Yes, because the licence and insurance of qualification are all difficult to obtain, because government regulations were quite strict because of the extensive land use and security. Licensing requirements and methods of ascertaining operational expertise to ensure visitors’ safety varied from country to country. Retaliation Can a newcomer expect strong retaliation on entering the market? Yes, because the insurance premiums were extremely high in some parts of the world. Given the likelihood of accidents in the amusement parks and the possibility of serious injury, 100 per cent insurance coverage was a must in the industry. c) Threat of substitutes Has the customer no real substitutes? No, there are Various substitutes for customers : other modes of entertainment Propensity/willingness of buyers to substitutes Is the customer unlikely to substitute? No, customers can easily substitute, because they want to try something new, something different, cheaper, safer, better or more convenient. Will the customer incur costs in switching to a substitute? Yes, because they meet more complex needs. Free admission parks and beaches, camping trips, or even video-movies at home were competing options for leisure time. It means if customers have enough leisure time while the price is lower than theme park or have the same type of entertainment, they were probably change their mind. Price/performance characteristics of substitutes Have substitutes performance limitations which do not completely offset their lowest price or is the performance advantage of substitutes not justified by their higher price? Yes, It was the availability of leisure time and a high discretionary income that drove the commercial recreation industry. Like video-movies at home, customers cost little even though they cant go out for fun. Is it difficult to perceive performance differences between industry products and substitutes? No, because Theme Parks industry do not fit well with High tech image of Samsung. d) Bargaining power of buyers Buyers’price sensitivity 1) Importance of the item as a proportion of their total cost Are customers not highly sensitive to price? Yes, because in a good economy, customers do not have a great deal of bargaining power within the theme park industry. Although the entertainment facilities as a proportion of their total cost, customers just focus on the rides themselves,it shows that buyers’price sensitivity are not highly. 2) Level of differentiation Is the product unique to some degree or has accepted branding? Yes, like special simulators for amusement purposes using proprietary technology were being developed by technology-intensive companies. Does the customer face any significant costs in switching suppliers? No, because the customers are not affected by suppliers. 3) Level of competition between buyers Are customers’ businesses/activities/finance profitable? Yes, because to handle the admissions revenue a centralized ticket system was generally preferred. An all-inclusive admission price entitled customers to as many rides and shows as they desired. This approach led to longer stays at parks resulting in increased food and beverage sales. 4) Importance of the sold product to the quality of the buyer’s product/service Yes, successful park managers used extensive marketing research to understand their customers and also spent a lot of effort in promoting the park. To reach the diverse groups, parks emphasized increased beautification and the range of entertainment and food services offered. Relative bargaining power 1) Size and concentration of buyers relative to suppliers Is there a large number of buyers relative to the number of firms in the business? Yes, there are local families,children’s groups,the evening market,corporate groups and tourists. Is there a large number of customers, each with relatively small purchases? Yes, each customer just buy one ticket. 2)Buyer’s information Does the buyer need a lot of important information to properly buy? No, they dont need any information to buy a ticket. 3) Ability to enter the other party’ business through vertical integration Is there anything which prevents the customer from taking supplier’s function in-house? No, there isnt anything to prevent the customer from taking suppliers function in-house. e) Bargaining power of suppliers Sensitivity to suppliers’ price 1) Importance of the item as a proportion of total cost Have cost of purchases no significant influence on overall costs? No, significant for landscaping, machineries (hardware) and know-how (software). The amusement equipment required for the park was expensive, most of it going from $1 million to $50 million. The software charged huge licensing fees which were over 10 per cent of the revenues. 2) Level of differentiation Are inputs (materials, labor, supplies, services) standard, rather than unique and differentiated? Yes, because these inputs provided by the supplier that the value constitute a larger proportion in the total cost of the product of the buyers, that is to say bargaining power of suppliers will increases greatly. Is it possible to switch between suppliers quickly and cheaply? No, the amusement machinery industry had grown over the years. Because most of the large drives which has a solid market position, they have many buyers so that not controlled by the market competition of firms. 3) Level of competition between suppliers Are suppliers’ businesses profitable? Yes, because admission fees constituted over 60 per cent of the total revenues of a theme park, while the rest came primarily from food, beverage, and merchandise sales. 4) Importance of inputs to the quality of product/service Yes, because customers expect high level of quality along all areas of the theme park. Users also expect adventures and experiences in an artificial environment at a calculable risk. Relative bargaining power 1) Size and concentration of suppliers Are there many potential suppliers? No, like special simulators for amusement purposes using proprietary technology were being developed by technology-intensive companies such as Sega Japan and Simex Canada. Is there no major dominant supplier(s) ? Yes, the amusement machinery industry had grown over the years. Most of the large drives, such as the Hurricane or the Giant Wheel, were manufactured in Japan, Europe or the United States. 2)Information Is it easy to compare suppliers’ offer? Yes, because there were fewer than 10 suppliers who were capable of developing quality machinery, such as DOGO of Japan, HUSS of Germany, and ARROW of the United States. 3) Ability to enter the other party’ business through vertical integration Would it be easy to enter the business of suppliers? No,because most of these suppliers worked globally, and the machinery were custom designed and made to order to fit the particular market and environment conditions. Summary – Overall industry rating. Favorable Moderate Unfavorable Intensity of rivalry among competitors v Threat of entry v Threat of substitutes v Bargaining power of buyers v Bargaining power of suppliers v 2) â€Å"More specifically, will the idea of theme parks work in Korea ? † Yes, because there is an increase of Theme Parks demand in Korea that is creating a booming in leisure domains, leading to a potential very profitable if running in this business. The theme park industry was still in its early stages in Korea, and had a history of less than two decades. However, indications were that the industry was growing globally, with more players entering. Rivalry between established competitors the Korean market is becoming mature with 33% of worldwide Theme Parks are based in Asia. In Korea, around the Seoul area , there were six themes parks. The most notable player in these region are : Lotte World , Seoul Land and Yongin Farmland. Each of these firms offers theme parks with varying experiences, always trying to debut the newest and best experiences in order to stay ahead of one another. A great example of this can be seen by looking at these three major theme parks. New attraction and technology can attractive customers. Lotte World has a series of their own entertainment, Seoul Land is more of a entertainment place for short visit,Farmland planned to revamp its theme park with addition of the water park, a global fair and the expansion of the existing zoo. Every year new attractions, restaurants, entertainment, and hotel offerings are announced in order to influence people to attend the various parks. This rivalry also affects the profits of these theme parks as they typically see a good return on their investment year over year. Other forms of competition comes from free admission parks, beaches, camping trips. These are either free or cheaper than paying for a trip to the theme park. Threat of entry The threat of new entrants of theme park in Korea is particularly high. Theme parks around the world need a large scale initial investment from $50 million to $3 billion. Land development cost ,amusement machinery cost and working capital are the main component of the capital investment. Another reason is land use, Seoul where land is scare. The land requires for building or expanding a theme park normally involved considerable large land plot. The government often gives firms long periods of approval. Theme parks always have a large economic of scale in order to attract much more customers because of the rides and services which need satisfy customers demand. Threat of substitute Farmland plan to develop a resort town in Yongin with luxury hotels, golf courses and resort accommodations catering to customers with families and spend longer time in Farmland. The challenge for Farmland is finding ways to entice customers to spend their vacations with them as opposed to trips to the beach, admission parks, camping trips or staying at home and watch video-movies. Bargaining power of buyers In a good economy and during the holiday seasons, the buyer bargaining power is low where there are many patrons to the theme park. Since the Koreans do not have many vacation leave and Korea is a temperate country , the only time for Koreans to go out with their family will be during the mid –summer to mid autumn period. These will be the peak period for most of the theme parks and it is term the high seasonality. When the high seasonality period is over, the customer’s bargaining power will be high and the theme parks must start their promotional activities or special events to attract customers to visit the theme park. Bargaining power of suppliers the suppliers to the theme park industry have a lot of bargaining power. DOGO of Japan, HUSS of Germany and ARROW of the United States are just a few of the major companies who create the attractions found in most of the theme parks throughout the world. Every year,the IAAPA hosts a convention where the newest technology is put on display for the consumers (theme parks). In an effort to keep customers excited year after year, theme parks have the opportunity at this convention to see the newest technologies first hand and decide what to bring to their theme parks in the future. This can negatively affect the profit level of theme parks, however, as they bid against one another as they vie for the best technology, driving up the prices and reputation of the suppliers. 3) â€Å" Should Samsung invest in the proposed Master Plan ($300 million investment)? † Yes, but should be more because theme park developers chose land sites in a central area which was relatively expensive in Korea and several important criteria are missing in this plan to be complete and realistic. For example, the fact that Farmland is going to build new attraction and extend some others to make them more attractive is a point that required the whole advertising campaign to be reconsidered entirely, and also more impacting by focusing on all those novelties. This is an important operation that will raise a budget corresponding to more than 10% of the revenue in the group, plus other unexpected extra costs.

Friday, September 20, 2019

English Law and Entrapment

English Law and Entrapment Analyse the approach of the English courts towards entrapment evidence. How far is it consistent with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights? Before we can analyse the English Courts approach to entrapment evidence, we must define what entrapment is. It can be defined as An agent of the state à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., cause some to commit an offence. For he should be prosecuted.[1] Over the years, the common-law approach on entrapment has evolved. The courts took it as if the evidence is relevant than the court would deem it admissible. In R v Leatham it was said it matters not how you get it; if you steal it even, it would be admissible in evidence[2]. Of course, we cant imagine it being like that now. We have The European Convection of Human Rights, which guarantees everyone a fundamental right to a fair trial in criminal courts cases. We also have the Human Rights Act[3], which also gives the defendant to a right to fair trial. In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law[4] It has always been clear that there is no defence for entrapment, someone who has committed the crime should be convicted of such crime. This is shown R V Sang[5] the fact that the counsellor or procurer is a policeman or informer, although it may be of relevance in mitigation of penalty for the offence, cannot affect the guilt of the principal offender[6]. Any entrapment should be taken into mitigation when deciding the appropriate sentence. Even though there is no defence to there is a chance for entrapment, for the case to be stayed, meaning to have the case stopped if there has been an abuse of court processes. This shown in R V Loosely: Although entrapment is not a substantive defence, English law has now developed remedies in respect of entrapment: the court may stay the relevant criminal proceedings, and the court may exclude evidence pursuant to s.78. In these respects, Sang has been overtaken. Of these two remedies the grant of a stay, rather than the exclusion of evidence at the trial, should normally be regarded as the appropriate response in a case of entrapment[7] However, even though a judge has the power to stay proceedings if there is an abuse of process. This cannot be seen an acquittal as an it is not, but just the judge stopping the case. As he believes the case must be stopped, as continuing with the abuse of process would make the trail of the defendant unfair. Which would be a breach of Artifice 6 of The Convention on European Human Rights. It should be noted that even though it Is not an acquittal, it would be very unlikely for the case to go back to court. If this is done without a change to the facts and circumstances of the case, and the prosecutor tries to bring the charge again. This could also be an abuse of process. Even though the English common law has evolved over time in regards to entrapment and protecting the defendants human rights to a fair trial. Several leading cases have made it to the European Court of Human Rights. One of them being Teixeira de Castro v. Portugal[8] in this case the applicant was asked to buy drugs, for two undercover police officers. The applicant did buy these drugs for them after which he did he was arrested. He was convicted and appeals in Portugal went against him, he took his case to The European Court of Human Rights, they held that Portugal did breach article 6. The court held that: . In the light of all these considerations, the Court concludes that the two police officers actions went beyond those of undercover agents because they instigated the offence and there is nothing to suggest that without their intervention it would have been committed. That intervention and its use in the impugned criminal proceedings meant that, right from the outset, the applicant was definitively deprived of a fair trial. Consequently, there has been a violation of Article 6  § 1.[9] Even though it seems that The European Court of Human Rights, believes that using entrapment evidence. Does infringe Article 6 of the Convection of Human Rights, right to a fair trial, as shown iTeixeira de Castro v. Portugal[10]. However, it is also worth pointing out that entrapment as a whole and inadmissibility of evidence does not automatically breach Article 6. This can be shown in Schenck v. Switzerland[11] where the court said While Article 6 (art. 6) of the Convention guarantees the right to a fair trial, it does not lay down any rules on the admissibility of evidence as such, which is therefore primarily a matter for regulation under national law. The Court, therefore, cannot exclude as a matter of principle and in the abstract that unlawfully obtained evidence of the present kind may be admissible. It has only to ascertain whether Mr Schenks trial as a whole was fair.[12] At this stage, it is fair to state there is a number occasions where entrapment by the police is genially allowed. As long as the is evidence that the suspect is doing something illegal and the entrapment of the suspect is not the only evidence. One of these occasions is where police or other state officials, go into a shop and conduct test purchases. Another occasion is where police or other state officials act as passengers to catch out unlicensed taxi drivers. Entrapment of unlicensed taxi driver is shown in East Riding of Yorkshire Council v Dearlove,[13] In this case Dearlove placed an advert for Chauffeur services, a licensing officer saw this advert and noticed that he was not licenced for these services. The licensing officer emailed Mr Dearlove on several occasions reminding him of licensing obligations. A test purchase was made and the booking did happen. Mr Dearlove was taken to court and they came to the following descion: We were of the opinion that the actions of the local authority were excessive in the absence of any criminal activity on Mr Dearloves part and as such we found it would be unfair to allow the proceedings to continue and ordered a stay of the proceedings.[14] When the case was appealed, they decided that the actions of the council was not entrapment, as they only did what a normal member of public would do in booking the service. The went on to say the following: It does not seem to me that there was, in the conduct of the councils officers, anything that could amount to impermissible entrapment. They booked the service just as an ordinary member of the public would do à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In my view the officers simply provided the opportunity for commission of an offence by the provision of the very kind of service that Mr Dearlove had advertised[15]. They went on to say: Mr Dearlove had an express warning that a test purchase might be made and there can be no unfairness in those circumstances in initiating a test purchase a few weeks later. There is, moreover, a strong public interest in ensuring that only licensed operators supply taxi services of this kind.[16] In conclusion with the European Conviction on Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights, only allowed to focus on the trail being fair. The approach of the English Courts does seem to be consistent with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. This is because English common law has evolved, to help make trails fairer in regards to evidence and entrapment. This has been done the Police and Criminal Evidence Act[17] and the Abuse of Process Doctrine. Which has given the courts to the power so stay an case, for an abuse of process, which has come from entrapment. Word Count: 1343 Bibliography Table of Legislation Cited: Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Human Rights Act 1998 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 Table of Cases Cited: East Riding of Yorkshire Council v Dearlove [2012] EWHC 278 (Admin), CO/8593/2010R Leatham (1861) 25 JP 468, Crompton J R V Loosely, [2001] UKHL 53 R v Sang [1980] AC 402 Schenck v. Switzerland, (10862/84 (Series A No.140; (1988) 13 EHRR 242)) Teixeira de Castro v. Portugal, (25829/94 (1999) 28 EHRR 101) Table of Journals Cited: McKay, Simon, Approaching Allegations of Entrapment Part I [2009] Criminal Law and Justice Weekly. https://www.criminallawandjustice.co.uk/features/Approaching-Allegations-Entrapment-Part-I Accessed March 2017 McKay, Simon, Approaching Allegations of Entrapment Part II [2009] Criminal Law and Justice Weekly. https://www.criminallawandjustice.co.uk/features/Approaching-Allegations-Entrapment-Part-II Accessed March 2017 Further Reading: Sleight, David, The law regarding entrapment June 2010 Accessed March 2017 [1] R V Loosely, [2001] UKHL 53 as per Lord Hoffmann paragraph 35. [2] R v Leatham (1861) 25 JP 468, Crompton J [3] Article 6, Human Rights Act 1998 [4] ARTICLE 6, Right to a fair trial, European Convention on Human Rights [5] R v Sang [1980] AC 402 [6] R v Sang [1980] AC 402 [7] R V Loosely, [2001] UKHL 53 as per Lord Nicholl paragraph 16 [8] Teixeira de Castro v. Portugal, (25829/94 (1999) 28 EHRR 101) [9] Teixeira de Castro v. Portugal, (25829/94 (1999) 28 EHRR 101) at Paragraph 39 [10] Teixeira de Castro v. Portugal, (25829/94 (1999) 28 EHRR 101) [11] Schenck v. Switzerland, (10862/84 (Series A No.140; (1988) 13 EHRR 242)) [12]Schenck v. Switzerland, (10862/84 (Series A No.140; (1988) 13 EHRR 242)) [13] East Riding of Yorkshire Council v Dearlove [2012] EWHC 278 (Admin), CO/8593/2010. [14] East Riding of Yorkshire Council v Dearlove [2012] EWHC 278 (Admin) [15] East Riding of Yorkshire Council v Dearlove [2012] EWHC 278 (Admin) [16] East Riding of Yorkshire Council v Dearlove [2012] EWHC 278 (Admin) [17] Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

Thursday, September 19, 2019

The Use of Recombinant DNA :: Papers

The Use of Recombinant DNA I agree that recombinant DNA benefits humans only to a certain extent though. During the late 1960s and early 1970s a series of independent discoveries made in rapid succession yielded a new technology whereby humans have the capability to manipulate and direct the very evolution of life itself. This is accomplished through the process of gene splicing (Recombinant DNA). There are four essential elements of the process: a method of breaking and joining DNA molecules from different sources, a gene carrier that can replicate both itself and the foreign DNA, a means of introducing the foreign DNA into a functional bacteria cell, and a method of selecting from a large population the cells which carry the foreign DNA. Using procedures like recombinant DNA, many human genes have been cloned in E. coli or in yeast. This was made possible for the first time to produce unlimited amounts of human proteins. Cultured cells (E. coli, yeast, mammalian cells) transformed with the human gene are being used to manufacture: insulin for diabetics, human growth hormone (GH) GH from domestic mammals like cows and pigs does not work in humans. So for many years, the only source of GH for therapy was that taken out from the glands of human cadavers. But this supply was shut off when several patients died from a rare neurological disease attributed to contaminated glands. Now, thanks to recombinant DNA technology, recombinant human GH is available. While a great benefit to patients suffering form GH deficiency, there has also been pressure to use it to stimulate growth in youngsters who have no deficiency but whose parents want them to grow up tall, erythropoietin (EPO) People with failing kidneys can be kept alive by dialysis. But dialysis only cleanses the blood of wastes. Without a source of EPO, these patients suffer from anaemia. Now, thanks to recombinant DNA technology, recombinant human EPO is available to treat these patients, for treating anaemia, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) for dissolving blood clots, angiostatin and endostatin for trials as anti-cancer

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Communication Skills :: communication listening

Communication Skills   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communication skills are all around us, from the day we are born until the rest of our lives. How many times have you seen communication skills required for a job in the classifieds and wonder what it actually means. A communication skill is some type of skill used in communication, From talking, body language to even listening. Many things can effect the way one can convey his or her communication skills to others. All of these skills are very personnel to one another. Everyone has different ways of expressing some kind of communication skill within them. One communication skill is speaking, by far one of the most important skill we posses. To be a good speaker one must be able to convey ideas clearly and briefly. One must also have a clear and pleasant tone to his or her voice. This makes the person you are talking to more attentive, thus, more interested. The speaker must also be aware of his environment and the people he is speaking to. Environment plays a lot with what you say and try to convey to people. If you hear a bird chirping, you might incorporate it to what you where just about to say. This makes the person you're talking to even more comfortable with what you are trying to convey with your thoughts and ideas. This is how different things can effect one's communication skill, speaking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A second communication skill is body language, a very personal way of expressing yourself without words. One's body language can carry a whole conversation without even saying a word. Sign language is an excellent example of this, one can spend there whole life communicating only with there body. Still one can be able to understand exactly how a person is trying to express themselves. Speaking and body language goes hand to hand, without gestures when talking one cannot truly explain certain things to someone. Also there is no visual effect for the person listening. When there is sound as well as some kind of visual movement one is more interested in what someone is trying to say. Through body language one can tell if a person is sad or happy, glad or mad. Body language conveys a lot of expression to are inner feelings and thoughts. Body language can show many things about you and the way you think. It can also show the way a person reacts to what you try to convey to them. If the listener isn't responding one must try and change the topic without losing the listeners focus. One can only know this threw the listener's body language.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Patient Care Essay -- Nursing, Health

The goal for nurses as a profession is not only to be â€Å"patient advocates† but also assist the patient to learn and gain the necessary skills to achieve the best level of functioning for the patient based on their current illness. In order to help a patient achieve their optimal level of functioning the nurse must work with the patient and the interdisciplinary team to create a collaborative plan that is logical for the patient. Through examining a musculoskeletal disorder case study #35 from Preusser (2008), one can create a critical pathway for the patient, S.P. a 75 year old female, with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and admitted to the orthopedic ward for a hip fracture status post fall (p. 183). Since the patient’s needs is unique and complex the nurse must tailor a plan with the patient which will include â€Å"†¦assessments, consultations, treatments, lifestyle changes, disease education†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in order for the patient have the most appropriat e evidence-based care and make informed decisions when it is necessary (Oliver, 2006, p. 28). The aim for the nurse caring for the S.P. is to help prepare the patient for an upcoming procedure and focus care to the patient by gathering necessary information about her while. Collaboration with the patient, family members, rehabilitation, medical and surgical team about the treatment plans can help us provide proper patient’s care by utilizing actions and interventions within the scope and standards of the nursing practice. This Preusser (2008) case study involves a 75 year old female, S.P., who fell at home and is admitted to the orthopedic ward for an intracapsular fracture of the hip at the femoral neck (p. 183). Assessment data includes her height is 5’3†, weight is 118 lbs, blood pressure... ...National Association of Orthopedic Nurses. (2009). Total hip replacement. Retrieved from http://www.orthonurse.org/ResearchandPractice/PatientEducation/tabid/490/Default.aspx    Oliver, S. (2006). Benefits of patient pathways in rheumatoid arthritis care. Nursing Times. 102 (16), 28-33. Retrieved from http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice-clinical-research/benefits-of-patient-pathways-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-care/203268.article Oliver, S. (2009). Understanding the needs of older people with rheumatoid arthritis: the role of the community nurse. Nursing Older People, 21(9), 30-38. Preusser, B. (2008). 4th Ed. Winningham and Preusser’s critical thinking in nursing: Medical-surgical, pediatric, maternity, and psychiatric case studies. New York: Elsevier/Mosby Inc. Wilkinson, J. M. (2011). 5th Ed.   The Nursing process and critical thinking. Prentice Hall.

Cashier Training manual Essay

Addictions Do addictions really exist? People constantly seem to say that they are addicted to nicotine, alcohol and drugs, but there are continuous debates whether this is just a necessity or a general want. Most people start using these substances out of depression as they convince themselves that it will make them feel better about themselves and the difficult life their living. However, others begin with these substances due to social surroundings as they feel the need to fit in around the harsh public. This then turns into a habit. There are 3 main types of addictions; psychological, mental and physical. Every case has a different type of addiction and some are overly exaggerated. After doing some research on addictions, I found that the term â€Å"addictions† has been proven to exist by many different scientists on quite a few websites. However I believe it does exist but more over it depends on the way each human beings mind works as some people have greater insecurities than others which cause them to feel the need to take such substances and over use them while others are mentally strong and take these substances once in a way for entertainment. Once you start experimenting with your bodies system and allowing these chemicals in, you should be strong in your mind to stop whenever but if you’re weak and allow your mind to take over, this will become an addiction. As proven by science, physical addictions exist. This has been mentioned by scientists on treatment websites, as many addicts have tried to stay clean for days and they experience â€Å"withdrawal symptoms† which means; â€Å"the person has developed a physical dependence.† Sometimes addicts give up as they find the withdrawal period harder than anything and feel the need to start the usage of drugs again. According to the National Institute of Health; â€Å"the addict’s whole life revolves around the drug whether they are harming themselves severely or not†. (http://advancedpaintreatment.com/types.asp) There are certain drugs which can be physically addicting to certain human beings; this is has been proven as an addiction to some degree. But can some  drugs and alcohol can be serious addictions? It is always in the mind of the one using these substances as they are mentally insecure and dependable human minds. In the case of ciggerets it is the nicotine in cigarettes causes the addiction. Nowadays the percentage of smokers have increased, people have found more reasons to continue smoking, allowing it to become a mental addiction. People may think it helps them focus or fills them up as this is what they want to believe. However, people who say nicotine is a necessity have it in their minds and cause their body to go through this mind set addiction, due to insecurities or depression. Nicotine brings a general sense of fulfillment to these said to be â€Å"addicts†. Smokers need to have the will power to let go of nicotine. Due to the weak mentality of human beings, it has been proven that the majority death toll is due to the tobacco in the nicotine. According to the National Institute of Health; â€Å"Tobacco use killed approximately 100 million people during the 20th century and, if current smoking trends continue, the cumulative death toll for this century has been projected to reach 1 billion.† (http://drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/health.html) On the other hand, alcohol damages the brain and the way in which the stimulants in the brain work. Many people end up in rehab as they are â€Å"alcoholics†, but then again do those exist? To me alcoholics are just like â€Å"nicotine addicts† it is set in their minds as it brings a sense of joy and serenity. Many sorts of psychological issues cause this. Some people tend to push themselves to drink every day, as they feel the need for it due to weak minds as they have no control over their actions and give up on themselves, some with no reason at all. Alcoholics think they physically need the alcohol in their systems but truly they are just mentally addicted to it as they lose control over their lifestyle. There are way too many different types of drugs; each one has a different effect but not all of them become physical or mental addictions. Marijuana is a drug and said to be herbal, however it does affect the way in which your mind works and reacts to certain situations, but not for long. It could never be an addiction to any human being, well that’s how I would see it as it is just a different way of enjoyment for certain people. But this wouldn’t be a necessity to anybody and if the  person calls themselves an addict to this drug it proves that the person cannot accept their life and feels the need for something which cannot be a true addiction. This would be a psychological problem rather than addiction. Then again, drugs such as; heroin, cocaine, prescription medications and chemicals, like LSD, MDMA, Ecstasy , etc. are psychologically addictive and can cause serious damages to the body and brain if over used. Many people find it very easy to fall into an addiction with such drugs as their body becomes weak and they feel emotionally attached to these chemicals as they highly affect the stimulants in your brain. They feel a sense of relaxation which they appreciate and then think they need. When these drugs are excessively used they cause hallucinations which affect the human brain to see what is real and what isn’t, people who are physically addicted to such drugs lose sense in what reality truly is and do not realize that they aren’t sober nor in their senses. I believe this is a true addiction which builds up in fragile minds. There have been many people who have recently started to abuse prescription medications without any illnesses. The national institute of health posted that these medications can be addictive as well as poisonous, â€Å"This has been proven to not only be addictive but also lethal. Commonly abused classes of prescription drugs include painkillers, sedatives, and stimulants.† The certain stimulants in the brains of such people cause them to carry on taking these chemicals into their system; this is more of a psychological addiction which soon leads to a mental addiction. (http://drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/health.html) In conclusion, I find that addictions do exist to an extent. People, who find themselves in the trap of requiring such substances, should try gaining inner self confidence and face reality rather than depend on drugs, alcohol or nicotine to help them through life. However heavy drugs such as heroin, pharmaceuticals, cocaine and chemicals, when used excessively can cause physical addictions, while alcohol and nicotine are moreover mental and psychological addictions in certain cases and for some people these are just socially used and aren’t said to be addictions at all as they can face reality with or without them. References: National Institute Of Health. National Institute On Drug Abuse. What are some effects of specific abused substances? Retrieved November 16th, 2011, from http://drugabuse.gov/scienceofaddiction/health.html Advanced Pain Treatment & Diagnostics Group. Are you tired? Tired of the shame, tired of hiding? Retrieved November 16th, 2011, from http://advancedpaintreatment.com/types.asp

Monday, September 16, 2019

Bronte, the play

Bronte, the play, is a recent work, with one of its very first productions being staged at the Oxford Playhouse. The idea of it was to provide the audience with an insight into the lives of the three Bronte sisters, Emily, Charlotte and Anne. They of course wrote books themselves, including Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre. Renowned of course for being secluded, they wrote at a time when women writers were scorned by publishers; their only way of expressing themselves was indeed through their work. However, whilst the play was written by Polly Teale so that it showed the hardship that the sisters each had to endure in order to have their work published, I will be seeing whether the performers helped this any further. Right from the very start, we as an audience were given a different view on the actual play. The three sisters were in fact standing on stage in normal modern day clothinhg. They said at this point that they did not want the audience to believe this as a real play, and that they were just playing the Brontes- and in doing so showing the audience very similar to what their life may have been like. This I believe was extremely effective, as it was interesting. It was interesting because it allowed the audience to genuinely watch the play almost like a critic and see the ways in which the actors and actresses depicted the lives of the Brontes and of those around them. The most noticeable connection between the actresses was, I thought, how close they actually appeared as sisters. This was especially well done as for most of the play when one was in a scene, the other two would almost certainly be there. They were indeed united on all fronts, such as the way in which they tried to stand up to their father. Also, there seemed to be an informal pecking order within the sisters. Diane Beck and Fenella Woolgar, playing Emily and Charlotte respectively, seemed to be vying for the dominance, whilst Anne (Catherine Cusack) was very much the ‘other' sister. Woolgar and Beck were excellent in highlighting this. Later on we will see this rivalry between the sisters in their writing. However, this bond showed that whilst they undoubtedly loved and cared for their father very much, their bond was simply too tight. This was effective; and this was due to the actresses. You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane Eyre All of the actresses here created this in their own ways; Beck did so by trying convey her Emily as the leader of the pack- Woolgar did the same also and as well as this tried, and succeeded in creating a rivalry between the two of them. Cusack's Anne. However this bond was not shared with their brother Bramwell. Both he and his sisters felt that the other side had wasted their lives. Bramwell felt that his sisters had no life, confined to the house, and the sisters felt on the other hand that Bramwell was shallow, as his life consisted of little more than drink. This tension reared its head finally in one scene in particular. This was where he pinned Emily down on the floor and taunted her of the fact that she was still a virgin. This was extremely well done as at a couple of points during the scene, the audience were unsure as to whether Bramwell was actually about to rape his own sister. The other sisters were of course torn between stepping and protecting Emily, as possibly getting roughed up themselves, or simply standing by and watching Bramwell. We can see this emotion on the stage as the sisters deliberate what to do; such was the quality of the acting that was portrayed by their bond. Yet, it is interesting to note that Charlotte was in fact the more reluctant of the two other sisters to in fact go and aid Emily- this added further spice to the plot. Also, however, Emily translated this pain through her own writing into her books. She believed that this helped to channel her anger, and therefore by doing this she showed that she was indeed feeling better. This reflected itself onto the audience, and their own particular feelings regarding the attack. The most important character in the play except for the sisters is undoubtedly Bertha. Although not an actual person in the play, she represented the feelings and anxieties of all of the sisters within the play. One prominent part was straight after the sex attack where Bertha was mirroring the anxieties of Emily. Bertha called out ‘He beat me, he beat me like a dog'. She cried in a moaning voice too. The actress playing Bertha was perhaps the most accomplished, despite being just 20. She played ‘Ellie' in About a Boy also. Her experience shone through as well; she was not afraid to moan, and to move fluidly like a snake as she did, and this was good as this contradicted the rest of the play. It added a sense of realism, as we were truly allowed to see into the deep thoughts of both Emily and of Charlotte. Another important part with this ‘character' was at the very end of the play. At this part, she throws feathers everywhere across. Throughout the play at certain she had thrown small handfuls on stage. However, it seemed as thought at the end she was letting all of her emotion and stress out on stage, as though she had finally exploded with anger. It appeared as though she had literally gone mad also. The actress here was extremely effective, not only because her actual action was so random, but also because the way which she so carelessly threw away the feathers was good as it showed that she also seemed to know not what she was doing, just like Charlotte or Emily letting the ink ooze from their pen onto the page. Thus in conclusion it could be said that whilst the play of Bronte itself was indeed extremely thought-provoking and even gain an entertaining into the lives of the Bronte sisters, it was undoubtedly the performers who made this possible, through their own separate ways. The skills required needed to be of the highest quality. The performers had this; and thus made the production effective.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

The Representation of Masculinity in George Eliot’s ‘Silas Marner’

Silas Marner, A Tale of Two Cities. Essay subject: Silas Marner and maleness 1. – Introduction. This essay is about the building and representation of Silas’s maleness ( including some inquiries proposed in the essay subjects on the practical campus that I found interesting ) . I saw things that can do him look more like a adult female but it is non necessary or required to understand this affair in this manner ; I wanted to happen his good-will non as a failing or a adult female issue but as strong manner of demoing tenderness, because I think there is nil stronger that absolute tenderness and nil more stamp that true strength and I see Silas as a really strong individual – composure but strong. The chief subjects here are his isolation, the gender issue, and eventually how feasible or non-viable his manhood is. In the decision I have included some facets more related to Silas’s life. 2. – Silas’s isolation. About his household, it is merely mentioned in the book that he had a female parent and a small sister, both of them named Hepziba, but his sister was called Eppie, which is why he chooses this name for his adoptive girl. His period of isolation starts in Raveloe when he sends their neighbors off with a turning annoyance ( It started when he helped Sally Oats and after that he became person like the official herbal physician of the vicinity ) . From this minute on he spends his yearss working 16 hours a twenty-four hours and contemplating his gold every dark. He is like a anchorite merely concentrated on gaining money. It wasn’t ever like this. At first when he lived in Lantern Yard he was a sociable adult male who interacted with society, he lived a normal life, and was engaged to get married a adult female named Sarah. He besides had a friend, William Dane, and so both of them betrayed him. But at the minute he is an entity separated from the community, – self-sufficient. 3. – Silas in gender footings. What’s incorrect with Silas before the loss of his gold? This point has a connexion with Silas’s isolation as discussed in the old subdivision. He is considered an castaway by the community: at foremost he is described like a â€Å"spider† or a â€Å"spinning-insect† . This has no relationship with the issue of maleness but instead with the issue of humanity: through this description he is portrayed more as an insect than as a adult male, – this is a manner of dehumanising him. When he loses his gold he is obligated to travel and pass on it to the governments. At first, when he arrived, people thought he was a shade, is of import to advert that Silas’s visual aspect is a spot unusual, he shows a physical impairment, he has marks of aging and unwellness, and he is described as an old adult male. And as I commented antecedently, he was an stray anchorite obsessed with his gold, look up toing it every dark, and his universe is reduced to his work and his coins. This is the debatable that is established befor e the loss of his gold. – Why non allow him weave and bask his money until he’s excessively old to maintain on weaving? – Why pull this out for so long? In my sentiment, the thought I get from the book is that Silas earned more money on Raveloe than in Lantern Yard ( where he has to pay some money to the church ) and he saw this fact, after which began his compulsion and he lived like this for 16 old ages. And he could hold lived on this manner until his decease but when Eppie came to his place it brought about a alteration in his whole life. I think he draws it out because work and money becomes the Centre of his life ; he lives merely for work and to look up to his gold. 4. – Silas’s maleness in a feasible manner. – Is this one sort of maleness or maleness in general? I think this is one sort of maleness because non all work forces have a state of affairs like Silas’s. Other male characters like the Cass brothers have a masculine function and are seen more like a work forces than Silas is. I see this as a feasible manner because I believe that Silas is wholly masculine even if there are things that show him with a deficiency of manhood. I’ll start with the â€Å"negative† points against his maleness. Get downing with his business, it was established that whirling and weaving had a gender division and that it was a female undertaking, in this point, I don’t think that this occupation defines his maleness, – he is a adult male and here the lone of import thing is that he has an business and he is working to back up himself. In add-on, Silas’s behavior is interesting on a mental degree. I see his capacity for self-denial a masculine accomplishment excessively ; it is a feature of a great adult male. For illustration, when William and Sarah betrayed him, he knew it and acted softly and did nil ; merely travel on with his life. Another manner of demoing self-denial is in his isolation, and his high grade of reason. He has been injured, accused of robbery, abandoned by his fiancee, rejected by the community merely because he did non desire to be an ONG and after that he has the reason to do a determination. After that it is normal that he wishes to be entirely working and gaining money. And eventually, even if he is portrayed as an insect or a weak adult male, in an effort to decrease his maleness the capacity that he finds for being a male parent, a female parent and a defender of small Eppie is extremely admirable without inquiry. By holding adequate cognition for autonomy, to me he is a unafraid adult male who knows what he wants and merely acquires and achieves it. In add-on I’d like to state that doing his place more comfy for the kid, adorning it, – a â€Å"nest† for her- , is the sweetness manner in which a adult male can demo how capable of being stamp is. Fixing his place for Eppie’s demands is something to be expected from a really masculine adult male. In his ain manner, he did what every adult male must make: work, back up a family, have a household and protect his household ( harmonizing to this nineteenth-century period, – presents it is different, as adult females can make this alone excessively ) . And he did it ; h e is wholly a adult male. 5. – Decision. We have seen Silas’s journey, – non a physical journey, but throughout his life. At first he has a normal life, he subsequently becomes an castaway obsessed with gold and after Eppie’s reaching he undergoes a sort of societal rehabilitation into an ordinary member of the community. After run intoing the kid he wholly changes his function inside the vicinity, every topographic point or place he visits for work he must sit and speak with people about the kid. Through her his life alterations and he becomes another adult male. We see his domestic, societal and paternal side and how he achieves the function of maleness in the 19th century ; non precisely as it was imposed, but by in his ain manner. Through the acceptance of the kid we see Silas carry throughing both – a male and female function, because he is wholly devoted to the small miss, and how he passes from a wholly stray life to happening significance in all the things around him. In Eppie he finds a ground to populate, a household that was denied him ( his female parent and small sister died, and we do non cognize about his male parent ) , the comfort of being love unfeignedly by person, of being needed, and of being a male parent, and there is no minute, in my sentiment, where his maleness could be misunderstood. We can besides see, through the acceptance the morality and duty that Silas is prepared to presume paternity, which is excessively a masculine feature, it is necessary to stress that the responsibilities that Silas accepts are those that Godfrey Cass, Eppie’s biological male parent has no morality or duty to presume. Throughout the book there is no minute when I feel Silas is non accomplishing the function of a adult male. I merely felt esteem even if didn’t have obvious masculine features such as physical visual aspect of a strong and wealth adult male like Godfrey Cass. Even when he grows old he still has this powerful visual aspect that Silas, in contrast does non. Godfrey does non hold to work because he was inherited from his male parent and Silas worked as an independent adult male. This was a paradigm of industrial manhood and a new ideal for work forces. To complete, another point that I found interesting is that Silas didn’t want to accomplish the ideals of the perfect adult male harmonizing to society but he ended up making so, though his virtuous nature, his generous bosom, his bravery. By following the kid he was non merely taking on a duty but he was taking on the duty of another adult male. Bibliography.Silas Marner, A Tale of Two Cities. George Eliot.Silas Marner in Wikipedia the free encyclopedia.Silas Marner survey usher and literature.Virtual Campus.Class hand-outs.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Morality and Happiness Essay

Morality has been a term of debate for several years by intellectuals who have not come to the final conclusion of its definition. According to Damon (5), morality is an existing, multifaceted construct that may not be pinned down by any single definitional criteria which is flexible. The moral character has long been associated with happiness which is that state of having achieved one’s desires although there are some disconnections. Several theories have been forwarded in connection to morality and happiness as far as the society is concerned. In this argumentative paper we shall give detailed analysis of morality and happiness and whether or not moral character is a requirement to happiness. Morality and Happiness The concept of morality utilizes the individual’s evaluation of events and actions to separate the good from bad and stipulates behavior consistent with the good. This means that there are socially accepted societal values that are promoted by morality. In addition, morality includes the welfare of others beyond our own selfish desires and responsibility to express the same through caring, kindness and mercy. The morality will also include commitment to honest while dealing with all people coupled with concern for their rights and ensuring justice and fair treatment. The more important fact about morality is that it provokes the emotional responses such as guilty, fear and contempt whenever one goes against the good morals (Damon 5). On the other hand happiness has been described by Kant to mean a constant well-being, enjoyment of life, total fulfillment with one’s condition. The happiness is further extended to include the riches, honor, power, good health coupled with satisfaction. Thus it is notes that happiness is a representation of preservation and welfare which is the total satisfaction of all personal needs and preferences. It is important to realize that happiness is not pleasure but rather it is simply obtaining what you want in life. Therefore happiness is achieved with the fulfillment of any desire of an individual irrespective of its nature (Hughes 61 & 62). We shall base the following arguments on these definitions of happiness and morality. Moral Behavior is a Requirement to Happiness To begin with, the society has closely connected good moral behavior to happiness. This is evidenced by the fact that philosophers, parents and teachers are encouraging good character with the belief that those individuals who are decent live better and happy lives as compared to those behaving badly (Delattre 136 & 137). With their encouragement, the society has been made to belief that a good moral behavior is a requirement to happiness. The children who are growing are being trained that they will be happy if they observe a good moral character. These teachings have been able to convince the society that for an individual to be happy they have to be morally upright. The other fact is that character faults do not make an individual happy. This is because the morally corrupt individual cannot be trusted even by close friends and relatives. They will constantly live in fear of the people that they have wronged. This means that they cannot be happy leaving only the morally upright to be happy. Thus we can arrive at the fact that good moral character is a requirement to happiness since the reverse is not true. This fact is that decent people are happier than unjust individuals (Delattre 137). Moreover, the process of seeking happiness is not immediate and it requires patients and sufficient skills. The Novelist Robertson Davies compared happiness to a cat where if you chase it run away but if you go about your business without disturbing its peace then it will warm up to you and be your friend. Therefore equally happiness cannot be achieved by aggressive actions but rather small random morally upright actions. Thus paying attention to little actions at work and private life will allow happiness to come to you. In the event that you aggressively use any means including immoral behavior to gain happiness then it could elude you. An example is if we go out to have fun with friends we will end up being happy in the long term (Delattre 137). Thus it becomes a requirement that good moral character be observed always in order to gain a long-term happiness without any struggle. Moreover, the morality, good character and happiness cannot be separated from one another. This is because to a huge extent we tend to offer as the best individuals to our families, friend and colleagues who are the source of our happiness. Therefore there is an understanding that we can enjoy their company when we offer our best morals and support. With this understanding, we realize that a good moral character is a requirement to true happiness irrespective of the people we are dealing with. This understanding enables individuals to realize and prevent any moral deviation so as to maintain happiness with all persons (Delattre 137). According to the philosophy of happiness (14, 15, 16 & 17), Aristotle stated the factors that make happiness as good health, money, relationships and good moral behavior. Aristotle pointed out that happiness was the ultimate desire for human being leaving nothing more to be desired. The happiness is sought for its own sake unlike other things which are sought in order to achieve happiness. Aristotle understood that for an individual to be happy one must be of good morals and can suffer to achieve the greater happiness later in the long run. Many individuals believe that happiness is different to each person but Aristotle thinks that there is only a single genuine notion and that it is similar for all human beings. Therefore power does not contribute to happiness since it would exclude some people from being happy whenever they are subjects of power. Thus history and written articles including Aristotle’s have made individuals to believe that the requirement to happiness is a good moral behavior. Moral Behavior is not a Requirement to Happiness On the other hand, it is not a requirement that for one to gain moral happiness they should be able to be morally upright. There are those people who belief that any happiness cannot be achieved by doing the right. They believe that only wrong actions will put them in a position to be happy because their wishes and desires are not limited by moral standing. These individuals believe that by doing the wrong actions they could benefit from their profits which in turn would make them happy. One example is that of buddy boys who deal with drugs which are harmful in the society yet they claim that the money gained from the immoral trading will make them happy (Delattre 137). Therefore we cannot generalize that happiness is achieved out of moral behavior because others have achieved through illegal and wrong actions. Although they feel guilty about their wrongdoings, they tend to concentrate on the pleasure part of their actions which is money for entertainment. The other fact is that of duty where an individual work is in a risk environment. For example a police officer would be doing the moral right to secure citizens. However, they may get killed by the thugs who do not care of their lives but rather their benefits of terrorizing the citizens. This means that even though the police officer was actively doing the right duties under good morals, they end up being killed and as such do not become happy but their families end up unhappy. Thus we can say that happiness does not require a good moral behavior because this example shows that even good actions of duty do not guarantee happiness. Another example is where an officer reports a corrupt colleague in the spirit of doing good morals but ends up being segregated and becomes continuously unhappy (Delattre 137). According to Hughes (64), Kant says that it is not true that doing the right thing leads to happiness in all circumstances as states by the doctrine of happiness. In fact he goes on to explain that morality could often hinder the achievement of one’s desires if they are considered immoral. Thus we cannot generalize that moral behavior is a requirement to happiness. Moreover, Kant continues to say that the process of making somebody happy has nothing to do with moral behavior of that person. This means that it is possible that many people are able to fulfill their desires and become happy without necessarily being moral. In any case somebody could be morally good but fail to be happy in life giving justification to the actions of those people who want happiness at the expense of morality. Moreover, the principle of happiness bases morality as an incentive to happiness which in itself is not moral. This means people will seek to be moral for the sake of happiness and not for the sake of morality (Delattre 137). Therefore if the morality is just an incentive to happiness, it means that others may achieve happiness without the use of incentive. Thus we can conclude that morality is not a requirement to happiness. After a serious consideration, I agree to the fact that morality is a requirement to genuine happiness. This is because individuals just want to be happy and could do anything to achieve desired happiness including good morals. By being genuinely happy, individuals do not have that sense of having done wrong to achieve their happiness and will live with sufficient peace of mind. If a situation where the whole society must practice morality then it would allow everyone the non-competitive search for happiness and the entire society will be happy in the long run.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Autobiography- personal narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Autobiography- personal narrative - Essay Example Getting into ESL class in middle school was quite fruitful for me as I started speaking in English with the help of this class. I think it was during the high school years that I did get to have actual conversation with people with this new language. The high school I went to was Clark Magnet High School in La Crescenta. The school paid great emphasis on computer science and technology. The first turning point of my life I experienced was due to the Animation class offered in the school’s curriculum. I chose to go to CSUN as soon as I graduated high school since it was close by my house and also had Animation courses to offer which I was most interested in. For tuition, I decided to work on a part time job. My friend assisted me in finding a job at the same place where he was working. I was hired as replacement to my friend as my friend had to discontinue working there due to his class schedule. The job was to teach students in after school program. Spending time studying for animation and hanging around in Game Club and Animation Club at school with friends who shared mutual interests along with teaching students on the other hand as a part time job were the most precious experience I had in my life. It was my father who advised me to take double major in Art education while I was majoring in Arts. This was because he observed the enjoyment I experienced while working with children. I was of the idea that it would be better to concentrate on one subject rather than chasing two hares. The next turning point I experienced happened almost unexpectedly. During the internship at Universal Studio and Cartoon Network in my senior years I was offered a job opportunity as a production assistant. That was the most brilliant opportunity I could have ever had at that time. I declined the offer and I could not understand at that time why I declined the offer. I was still unsure regarding which majors I should pursue

Thursday, September 12, 2019

The Coming of Sound Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Coming of Sound - Assignment Example This was mostly because of the lack of sound. Changes in the movie industry were witnessed in 1926 courtesy of the Warner Brothers and Western Electric ("Digital History.†). Evidently, they innovatively created a contemporary sound on disc system. To this end, the system worked through the recording of music and sound effects on wax record. The wax record consequently worked in synchronization with a film projector. The hallmark of sound technology was exhibited by Warner Brothers when they released the first motion picture complete with synchronized sound effects and a pre-recorded score. The movie was ‘Don Juan’ (Lastra, 45). However, the pioneer motion sound movie did not have an instant impact by influencing people to adapt talking technology. Many people were still comfortable with silent pictures. However, these perceptions were soon to change in October 1927 with the release of â€Å"The Jazz Singer†. It was based on the popular Broadway play by Samso n Raphaelson and Alfred Cohen’s story, â€Å"The Day of Atonement† ("Digital History.†). The script was based upon a Jewish boy, played by Al Johnson, who was aiming to be a Broadway star. Evidently, the movie triggered a sound movie revolution since it was the first one to utilize spoken dialogue. Furthermore, the movie was an instant box office hit with profits of up to $ 3.5 million. To this end, Warner Brothers earned its place as one of the top studios in Hollywood. Following the release of another sound movie and instant box office hit, â€Å"The Lights of New York†, the remainder of Hollywood adopted sound movies rapidly ("Digital History.†). The impacts arising from talking sound pictures were largely positive but equally negative to some extent in Hollywood. It is no doubt that the introduction of sound was of profound benefit to the motion picture industry. However it was highly disastrous to vaudeville entertainment ("Digital History.†). To this end, vaudeville performances found it increasingly difficult to compete with sound technology. This was majorly because most of the actors were not able to adapt to sound motion pictures. In addition, the musical accompaniment that was synonymous with silent pictures was dealt a deathly blow. This was evident through the loss of musical careers to majority of the orchestra musicians who offered live score services to the silent movies. They were quickly replaced by animated shots and newsreel. To this end, the introduction of live sound technology rendered their services redundant. The rapid technology change equally accounted for change within the Hollywood film industry. Evidently, upon showcasing of â€Å"The Jazz Singer,† the change to a contemporary type of motion picture technology began in earnest. There was a restructuring in film production and the film industry as a whole. These included the incorporation of sound recording into filmmaking, installation of sound equipment into theatres, and the drastic phasing out of silent films. Another impact in the Hollywood studio was felt pertaining to the voices and speech of certain actors. Initially, the silent motion pictures were only dependent on the physical gesturing of actors during the course of the play. Consequently, the element of an actor’s voice or speech was not an area of concern while recruiting or assessing the performance of actors. However, the advent of sound technology brought in a new