Wal-Mart Scandal

New York time reporter David Barstow uncovered a shocking story against retail giant, Wal-Mart. His probe attempted after Wal-Mart shut down its internecine investigation over the affirmable bribery of Mexican officials. Wal-Mart used these bribes to accelerate growth in their Mexican zoning beas. These allegations sur organizationd when a Hispanic lawyer contacted Wal-Mart headquarters in Bentonville Arkansas. This lawyer had inside information on Wal-Marts bribes, as he delineated them in their acts. He was used as a middle cosmos for Wal-Marts payoffs to these officials.Wal-Mart took action in defending its image. In 2005 the accompany launched an internal investigation that dug into the operations of Wal-Mart de Mexico. The reports put together obvious signs that the company had, in fact been bribing the city officials to open up zoning areas and to fleetly create make permits. These bribes reported to total above $24 million. Wal-Marts lead investigator had this to sa y after the investigation was conducted, There is fairish suspicion to believe that Mexican and USA laws ache been violated. When Wal-Marts leading were faced with the decision to continue the investigation, they gave it to Wal-Mart de Mexico to investigate it was shut down. Wal-Mart didnt counsel Mexican or American law enforcement with the information and none of these persecute doings were brought to the public eye until the publication of Barstows article. Wal-Mart would obviously face critical examination by the public if the allegations were square reasoning rotter closing the investigation. Wal-Mart told the justice department that the investigation was unnecessary and the grimaces were minor where they did occur.The periods had a view in their investigation as they build substantial record supporting the bribes taking place. Its believed that these bribes were the jump start Wal-Mart needed to gain its huge standing in Mexican society. 1 in 5 Wal-Marts are located in Mexico. The multiplication interviewed Sergio Cicero Zapata, who resigned from Wal-Mart de Mexico in 2004. Cicero told them of personal instances of him giving lawyers envelopes of money to pay off politics officials. Cicero said that he had done these deals for years while working for Wal-Mart. on with the information they received from Mr.Cicero, the times also found governing documents with evidence of payoffs. These documents showed that within days of the money being given to the lawyers the permits were granted. The Times have published new stories exposing the company further with deeper information that they have gained by their investigation. Some of the information includes * Wal-Mart pays $341,000 to officials in Mexico City to build a surface-to-air missiles club. The building was put in a densely inhabit area, and was done without a construction license, or an environmental permit or and urban impact assessment, or a traffic permit. Wal-Mart bribes officials to build a vast refrigerated distribution center in an environmentally fallible flood basin north of Mexico City in an area where electrical energy is so scarce that many smaller developers turned away. The bribe for this case was $765,000. * A zoning situation in Teotihuacan caused Wal-Mart to make a earnings of $52,000 to enable them to build a store near a illustrious pyramid site. The citizens were enraged by the location of the store but the protests were unattended and the Wal-Mart was built.The mayor of Teotihuacan spent $77,000 buying and renovating a ranch the next year. unlooked-for on a $47,000 yearly salary. * There have also been reports of Wal-Mart building on ancient ruin sites. They have been obtaining the permits to do so illegally. immediately that the statements have been made public, Wal-Mart de Mexico has been under investigation by the U. S. and Mexican governments. The lead is questionable within both Wal-Mart and Wal-Mart de Mexico. The high members of Wal-Mart de Mexico made a election to shut down the investigation to cover up their tracks.The consequences of being observed breaking the law to this extreme would put a huge checkout on all of the Wal-Mart leaders shoulders. The growth of their business is also at stake. Apparently these bribes played a major role in the working out of Wal-Marts across Mexico. The leaders located in Arkansas will to a greater extent than likely be held accountable for irresponsible actions as well. If the allegations are true they could be found out for knowing about the illegal bribes. honorable issues do not look good for leaders it can dramatically impact the way the company is viewed.The actions of Wal-Mart making deals in Mexico could greatly allude the way the company is viewed and its overall standing to the public. With the investigation still ongoing it has yet to be clear what leaders at Wal-Mart are laced to the bribes in Mexico but it is undoubted by the New York Times that there are several people accountable for the actions. It is also possible that Wal-Mart has been doing this in other countries as well, but will only be confirmed when and if the government can obtain the information they need to prove wrong doing against Wal-Mart. whole kit and boodle Cited City. David Barstow Alejandra Xanic Von Bertrab And James C. Mckinley Jr. Contributed Reporting From Mexico. Vast Mexico Bribery Case still Up by Wal-Mart After Top-Level Struggle. The New York Times. 22 Apr. 2012. The New York Times. 04 Mar. 2013 . Radcliffe, Dana. leadership Lessons From Wal-Marts Bribery Scandal. The Huffington Post. 16 July 2012. TheHuffingtonPost. com. 04 Mar. 2013 .

Love as a Theme in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet Essay

A German philospher by the summons of Friedrich Nietzsche once said, There is always some madness in bop. exclusively there is as well as always some reason in madness. respect, therefore, substructure cause some madness in a soulfulness and rear make him or her forget reason. What then is reason and what then is logical system if revere exists inwardly the depths of ones soul? What then is roughhewn sense if love resides in the very core of a persons heart and it makes him or her forget the logic of involvements? Love is adept one very simple word, and yet it embodies so much within its existence.The actual presence and existence of the word of love itself push aside hold still for so much. Everyone thinks big(p)ly of love. It is shown with the media, ever present in the schools, neighborhood, regular(a) in commercials and in advertisements. People nonplus defined love as to be a many thing love makes the world go around love moves mountains love is blind. Love, love, love what is it? What is it with love that people be overly ecstatic about it? How does one know if he or she is in love? some people construct said that they have fallen in love, that have they really ever cognize what love is?What indeed is it? What is love? Today, I would like to come up a fine manakin of how love has made the lives of people revolve and bode out how precious it is to love and to be loved in return. Love whitethorn be the greatest thing ever expressed by mankind. It is because of love that people are able to acquire great virtues and values. It is through love that people change for the discontinue. It is through love that the world dep displace so much better to live in. However, there have in any case been many cases wherein love has been the cause of a persons downfall.Love, universe such a wonderful legal opinion and emitting an exhilarating aura, can also cause such great pain, suffering, fear, anxiety, sadness, and sometimes, even oddme nt. Love in lit The theme of love has existed in literature for a long time. Many various works that have been written by renowned writers hyperbolize of both universe popular and being a great example of quality literatureMahabharata, The Iliad and the Odyssey, the Bible, The Notebook, and Harry Potter and Ginny Weasley.Myths and legends, epic, poems, stories, storys, and plays have had love disperse within the confines of their characters, lines, settings, motifs, and themes. This is no exemption with regard to the most note fitting love story of all time, William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Also, an separate example of how love can change a person is Charles Dickens Great Expectations. more or less everyone knows the very famous story of Romeo and Juliet. It has been ingrained in the peoples minds about the lovers who cannot be lovers as their families have long been in combat with each other.The famous play of William Shakespeare concludes in a tragedy as the lovers di e in the end. Great Expectations, on the other hand, tells us a story of young spotlight who gets fueled by his love for Estella and wants to postdate in life so he can be worthy for her. The novel, depending on what version of the ending a person would like to read, is both that of the happily-ever-after or that of the tragedy of love and fate unfulfilled, or maybe, that of love that is not meant to be and a fate that is meant to force them apart. The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet and Great ExpectationsLove as a theme is so evident in the story of Romeo and Juliet. It has even been deemed as the greatest love story, for it embodies the fond impact between the emotion. It has shown the joys and strain of being loved. It is the theme of the play because the satisfying plays existence and progress from the first act until the proceed act are based on the love of the two major charactersRomeo and Juliet. Moreover, by the end of the play, the death of the two lovers serves as the ultimate demonstration of how one can go to great lengths just because of love.By the end of the play, when Romeo and Juliet showed their families how great their love is, both the Capulets and the Montagues resolved to agree that they would end their contend with each other. Through the play, I realized that love is such a powerful emotion that a person would be willing to go to great lengths just for it. Because of love, a person will disobey his or her family and even forego his or her surname as what Juliet did when she said, Deny thy sire and refuse thy name / Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love / And Ill no longer be a Capulet (Shakespeare, 2000, 2. 1.34-36), which is also one of the more famous lines of the play. Love is a great emotion that people can even go crazy because of it. I know that love should never be treated with such alter thinking or even played or toyed with because we can take up how great the impact it can bring a personit is so great that a person may even choose death just to be with his or her loved one. At the start of the speech, I quoted Friedrich Nietzsche on how people associate madness with love, and perhaps this is true. The fault of Romeo and Juliet lies with the circumstance that they loved each other so much to the principal of being blind blasts.Is it better then to be in love to the point of being foolish or just a plain fool who is in love? I think it is better to be a fool who is in love. Why? Because when a person is greatly in love to the point of being foolish, he or she is unable to be reasoned withhis or her mind is closed off to anything, to everything. He or she will not even give a chance to discover to logic. On the other hand, when a fool is in love, he or she is merely a person who is feeling a natural emotion, and he or she may listen to reason and then he or she will disregard it.Therefore, love, should be true and pure but hold in at all times. When young Pip fell in love with the b eautiful Estella, he wanted to improve himself so he can be worthy for her. Thus, because of the love that Pip feels for Estella, he wanted to run low a better person. I think, most of all, that is the most important thing that people should fall in love and the feeling that they draw from that emotion is that they would want to be better in every way a better individual. Love can indeed move mountains in a metaphorical sense, that is.Unlike the play, the novel also focused on other aspects of the society, whereas, the play solely revolved around love and the chaotic things it may bring to a person. Love pervaded the whole play while the novel also touched on more serious things like social problems present in the realities of the world. Conclusion To end my speech, I would like to cite the lines of the Prince of Verona who said, See, what a scourge is laid upon your hate / That heaven finds means to polish your joys with love (Shakespeare, 2000. 5. 3. 307-309).Love may also b e connected to thoroughgoing feelings of pain and sadness, but love can also be a cause of such great happiness and redemption after the feeling of suffering has gone. When Romeo and Juliet died, the feud of the families of the Capulet and the Montague which seemed to be forever, finally came to a halt. Likewise, when the young Pip knew for a fact that he lost Estella, and he has lost a chance of the great feeling of love and being loved. He part with her, as what he told Estella at the end of the novel, Glad to part again, Estella?To me, region is a painful thing (Dickens, 2003, p. 484). However, eventually, when both parties have realized the pains of being apart and parting, they would come to understand that it is so much better to actually like the idea of love, be in pain because of naivety and ignorance, and meet each other again one day because it is so much better to be in love when both have opened to the value of being in love.ReferencesDickens, C. (2003). Great expec tations. New York Penguin Classics. William, S. (2000). Romeo and Juliet. Hertfordshire Wordsworth Editions.

A Greater Extent Than Males

why be knowledgeablely transmitted diseases more likely to affect females to a great extent than males? Sexually transmitted diseases are more likely to affect females to a greater extent than males because they jeopardize a greater surface area of mucous membrane during sexual contact. Why is a woman more likely to get an STD from an infect male than a male is to get it from an infected female? A woman is more likely to get an STD from an infected male than a male is to get it from an infected female because females expose a greater surface area of mucous membrane during sexual contact than males.Why is a woman little likely to show symptoms of an STD than is a male? Women are less likely to show symptoms because the infected area is not slowly seen and the urethra is less likely to be infected, so there is a less chance of pain. List 5 areas where mucous membranes are found. 1. Urethra 2. Vagina, Uterus, Fallopian Tubes 3. Vulva 4. Rectum 5. Eyes How do bacteria cause disease? Bacteria cause disease by producing harmful chemicals, which are toxins of enzymes. These toxins kill or monetary value body electric cells.The damage to the body cells causes the symptoms of the disease. How does the structure of bacterial cells differ from that of human cells? Bacterial cells take over a slightly different structure than that of human cells. These structural differences are important because they allow antibiotics to kill bacteria without killing host, or human, cells. Why can antibiotics kill bacteria without killing the host cells? Bacteria cells are smaller than human cells and have a simpler structure. How do antibiotics kill bacteria? Antibiotics kill bacteria by either preventing bacteria from making cell walls, preventing bacteria from making complete proteins, or damaging the plasma membrane. How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? Bacteria get their resistance from genes that discharge the antibiotics, pump the antibiotics out of the cell, or allow them to function in arouse of antibiotics. Bacteria get these resistance genes through mutation and selection or from other bacteria through plasmids that carry genes for resistance. Which STDs are caused by bacteria? STDs caused by bacteria include Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis.

Fast Food Nation Synthesis

Sarah Whitaker Mrs. Kurtz A. P. Language and Composition 6 February 2013 The Meatpacking patience One of the Most Dangerous Jobs in the U. S. A report from the American Meat Institute shows that the U. S. is home to about 6,000 essencepacking plants. Millions of jobs all everyplace the country argon made through meatpacking plants. These low paying, insecure jobs are swept up by men and women, these people unwitting of what exactly they have gotten themselves into. The meatpacking, today, has become one of the most dangerous jobs in America.As assemble by St in time Greenhouse of the New York times, the nations meat packing pains has such bad on the job(p) conditions that it violates basic humanity and worker rights. Ever since the publication of the famous book by Upton SainclairThe hobo camp people all over the world have found it inevitable for inspections to be considered and for changes to be done with little success. Workers in todays plants seem to have the same pro blems that were faced almost 100 eld ago.The Appleseed Center For Law found an estimated total of 62 percent of those interviewed utter they had been injured on the job in the past year, a count seven times higher than the governments asideicial statistic for slaughterhouse workers. , as found in ReprtLine Speed, Injuries Increase for shambles Workers. So what happened to the a great deal needed safety laws? Its simple really, they just arent existence followed. Many workers today, who live in horrible working conditions day by day to stag their living for them and their families, are non being treated as they are meant to be and this has only made the industry braggart(a)ger.One individual quits or gets hurt and another is there, easily alter the new open position. Complaints dont help either, as found by Gail Eisnitz, also cited in ReprtLine Speed, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers, Slaughterhouse workers talk of a production system that moves to fastdespit e legion(predicate) complaints to managementas well as countless injuriesthe companies refuse to make changes because slowing the process would mean not making as much money. As found in Eric Schlossers ook Fast provender demesne the underlying fact is that with power and money there comes damaged morals. The big business owners just dont care Now that the secrets are out and the industry is naked to the public now, the people are not calling the industry The Jungle of the 2000s, an article put out by the Associated Press States. Martin Cotez as interviewed by the Associated Press says, You know what I akin to say to the newcomers? They dont kill cows. They kill people. This, a answer to his own story description, just puts a whole new pass judgment on the industry murderersSinclairs book published so eagle-eyed ago still seems to have barely effected the industry of today. As discussed in Fast Food Nation, Schlosser also speaks of the injury of workers throughout chapter 8 , in effect titled The Most Dangerous Job. One example of the horrible working conditions also comes from Fast Food Nation, Jesus A soft communicate employee of DCS Sanitation Managerment, Inc Talks of an experience he had on one of his modify duties, One night while Jesus was cleaning, a coworker forgot to turn off a machine, lost two fingers, and went into shock.An ambulance came and took him away, as everyone else continued to clean. He was binding at work the following week. if one hand is no good, the supervisor told him,use the other. Not only did the supervisor not care, a person was injured and still returned to the job he obviously needed. So what require to be done? Obviously whatever it is, its not happening. So even though the demand for food is high in this nation, whats to a greater extent important, our food or our citizens? increased demand at slaughterhouses has caused a encouragement in work related injuries according to a report by a Nebraska-based non-pro fit. People in these plants are getting hurt not only because its what the job demands but because the to a greater extent we as consumers want, the more the big industry owners allow demand more work. So what will we as American citizens do? Work Cited American Meat Institute. American Meat Institute. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. Report Line Speeds, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers. remove Through the Dirt, 8 Oct. 2009. Web. 7 Feb. 2013. Greenhouse, Steven. Meat Packing Industry Criticized on Human Rights Grounds. The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 25 Jan. 2005. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. Dangers, tensions ambush in meatpacking industry. Associated Press. Breaking News & Top Stories cosmos News, US & Local NBC News, 24 Apr. 2006. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. Safety and Health head for the hills for the Meatpacking Industry. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. Schlosser,Eric. Fast Food Nation. New York Harper And Perennial,2005. Print.

The Effects of Social Media on Traditional Marketing

The Effects of kindly Media on Traditional trade and Advertising fond media is not sensitive. Facebook has been around since 2004, YouTube since 2005, and Twitter in 2006. What is vernal is how tender media sites like Facebook, YouTube and Twitter be affecting the trend businesses commercialize their products and divine services. Never before in our history pitch consumers been sufficient to snuff it so effortlessly with each otherwise and with the businesses they frequent.Never before have businesses been sufficient to interact and react to customer feedback so quickly and efficiently. However, just because businesses have the ability to use amicable media for their tradeing and advertising efforts, does not necessarily think of they should. This paper intends to answer the question of how hearty media has affected the agency businesses market their products and services. This question is significant not unaccompanied to the business, as it outright affects no t only their profit, yet in like manner their notice, their image, and their re localizeation.It is also significant to consumers, because as a consumer you depart be able to see how you have the supply to shape a companys products and services, as well as shape a companys image and reputation. No time-consuming can a company run an advertisement on video recording or radio promoting how ecologically friendly they ar and assume quite a teentsy are just going to believe them. 10 years agone that might have maneuvered.Now, consumers can research to see if that company is in fact ecologically friendly and if they are not, consumers can start a Facebook group, a Twitter profile, a YouTube channel, and endless other accessible media profiles in ordinance to spread the word rough the companys delusive or misleading advertising. The reverse is also true. If a company creates an staggering quality product which solves a consumers involve at a fair price, that company may h ave to do very(prenominal) little traditional advertising as consumers would spread the word slightly the products by dint of their vast social networks. friendly media has forever changed the affinity between business and the consumer and this relationship affects the way businesses market their products and services. In order to see how social media is shaping the way businesses have traditionally marketed their products, it is helpful to look at grapheme studies of aggregate businesses and social media trade experts. This paper will center on octuple different businesses and how they are learning social media effectively to market their products and services to consumers. accord to Corporate reputation in the era of Web 2. the trip of Primark published in the November 1, 2009 come to the fore of the daybook of merchandise Management, Brian Jones, John Temperley, and Anderson capital of Peru buy the farm from the work of sevenfold precedents from septuple eart hly concernations. using the multitude of resources the authors draw from, they answer how companies, specifically Primark, position themselves on the internet in order to build relationships, take careler their image, and build their brand and reputation to indicate that the impudently era of company reputation is built not only by the company, but kinda by both the company and the consumer. match to the authors, the new rules for combat on the social web are explored in relation to how they play to, damage, or improve corporate reputation and brand image. (Jones 927-928) What these new rules mean is that, management of corporate reputation is a two-way, top down and stinkpot up turn. (Jones 928) This means that not only are companies trying to stage a certain image done social media, but that also consumers are projecting their own images on to these companies through social media as well.This in systema skeletaleation is useful because it awards how social media allo ws consumers to shape a company as well as how companies can use social media to shape public opinion. According to merchandise in a Hyper-Social World published in the September 2010 issue of the daybook of Advertising Research, Francois Gossieaux, and Edward Moran draw from the work of quadruple authors from seven-fold publications. Using the multitude of resources the authors draw from, they study the results of a work of several hundred companies using online marketing in order to arrange the best practices for those advertising strategies.The authors ascertain that social media marketing is only as effective as the prevailing psychological factors in which social media works. These factors are inherent in human communion, not only on the internet, but in the real world as well. The authors state that there are communities of people using social media and that these communities often thrive because the members primarily are drawn to one another.The importance of person-to -person affinity and the ability to interact with these other humans typically trumped the role of the sponsors goods or services or the presence of other features in the online communities. (Moran 232) What the authors are state is that social media is a new tool in order to drive similar consumers together and that if a company wants to be successful in social media marketing, they must concentrate on the human connection rather than their product or services.According to Social marketing meets interactive media published in the 2011 issue of the International Journal of Advertising, Ronald Hill and Nora Moran draw from the work of quintuple authors from multiple publications. Using the multitude of resources the authors draw from, they seek to resolve the dilemma of how models of social marketing have not been easy to utilize or analyze effectively. They assert that companies must face opportunities and challenges in implementing social media or otherwise lose their targe t customers of new and younger generations.The authors propose that a great deal more study and research need to go into how to successfully implement social media, however their research states that, everywhereall, studies examined indicate that greater levels of interactivity, feedback and encouragement, customisation, and clarity and support are fundamental components of successful programmes. (Hill 829) What the authors suggest is that social media allows consumers to interact with each other and with the companies they buy from, and these basic human form of interaction is what makes social media so successful.According to Social Media ROI published in the declination 2010/January 2011 issue of Marketing Management, Robert Duboff and Scott Wilkerson draw from the work of multiple authors from multiple publications. Using the multitude of resources the authors draw from, they focus on finding a rootage which will help them measure a return on investing for implementing soci al media and whether or not to invest in social marketing. The authors put forth and interesting question as to who actually is in control of a brand with the advent of social media.The peer-to-peer aspect of the Internet, which has been made often more efficient through social media, has prompted the debate about who owns a brand. Some commentators and marketers maintain that consumers, users and the public now own every brand, given(p) their ability to use social media to laud or criticize the brand and immediately communicate their experience or opinion to everyone they know ravish links to websites, video or to articles and information, etc. and create and post content. Duboff 34)The thinker the authors are putting forward is that consumer are able to control a brand and the perception of that brand because of the immense power of social media. According to Marketing on a Shoe String published in the Winter 2012 issue of Marketing Health Services, Ann Marie Gothard and Kate Sotiridy draw from the work of multiple authors from multiple publications. Using the multitude of resources the authors draw from, they discuss the marketing dodging of apply Sinai Medical Center in New York City.They discuss how Mount Sinai determined that traditional media would not work for targeting their market and instead opted for using a grassroots approach which included the implementation of social media. The authors show evidence of how using social media effectively was able to increase the fortune of clientele who were exposed to Mount Sinai Medical Center. While using a specific social media campaign, there was, an 83 percent increase in Web traffic, coupled with a 42 percent increase in call volume which is substantial at any cost. And for a very low cost, it is remarkable. (Gothard 15)The authors here are able to use a berth study to show how social media marketing can be utilise as an effective tool and for a minimal cost. According to maturation of Blogs as a Credible Marketing Communication Tool published in the June 2011 issue of Journal of Case Research, Mohit Maurya draws from the work of multiple authors from multiple publications. Using the multitude of resources the author draws from, the author discusses how a two way communication between consumers and corporate brands are being shaped through the use of blogs.The author presents case studies from different companies who have successfully and unsuccessfully used blogs to communicate with consumers. The pace of evolution and adoption of internet has facilitated the development of Consumer Generated Media CGM or user generated content on the cyber world, which has compelled the marketers to rethink their marketing communication makelinesConsumer Generated Media has begun to prove itself as an outstanding tool for not only social networking, but also as an effective interactive communication long suit in the realm of business. Maurya 71)The author proposes that as consumers, we are able to control the messages we receive and that companies need to recognize these channels of communication if they are to be successful in their marketing efforts. According to Social media etiquette A guide and checklist to the benefits and perils of social marketing published in the September December 2010 issue of the Journal of Database Marketing and client Strategy Management, Matt Ramsay draws from the work of multiple authors from multiple publications.Using the multitude of resources the author draws from, the author summarizes lessons learned from the successes and failures of social networking as well as compiles a list of best practices for social networking. According to Ramsay, businesses that succeed in social media are those who maximize their customer service levels through listening and responding to what people are saying about their brand. (257) Ramsay is once again solidifying the fact that social media is a two way process in which the consumer and b usiness have an equal stake in forming how marketing will take place and whether or not it will be effective.According to Social media in branding Fulfilling a Need published in the August 2011 issue of the Journal of Brand Management, Jack Yan draws from the work of multiple authors from multiple publications. Using the multitude of resources the author draws from, the author looks at how new media can have an impact on branding. Yan shows how user connection and interactivity are primary(prenominal). It is, therefore, necessary for brands to build a connection with users and fostering a good sense of belonging through the engagement itself. (Yan 690) According to 2011 Social Media Marketing industry Report.How Marketers are Using Social Media to Grow Their Businesses published in April 2011 for the website SocialMediaExaminer. com, Michael A. Stelzner draws from the work of multiple authors from multiple publications. Using the multitude of resources the author draws from, the author surveyed over 3300 marketers with the goal of understanding how marketers are using social media to grow and call forth their businesses. Stelzner, in compiling his survey, was able to determine the benefits of social media marketing. The number-one advantage of social media marketing (by a long shot) is generating more business exposure, as indicated by 88% of marketers. (Stelzner 5) The more exposure a business has, the easier it is for consumers to talk about it and spread the word to their peers. According to Social Integration published in the November/December 2011 issue of the Journal of Property Management, Karen Altes draws from the work of multiple authors from multiple publications. Using the multitude of resources the author draws from, the author focuses on the integration of social media into business.The author ascertains that social media is a tactic rather than a strategy, which should be used in all aspects of marketing, public relations, and communication s. However, social media is different from other communication tools you may already be using. It is participatory, and is as much about what your customers, tenants and clients are saying about you and your properties as what you are saying to them. (Altes 60) The author is again reinforcing that social media is effecting advertising in that marketers are not only able to speak directly to consumers, but that consumers are also able to speak to companies and marketers.Social media has significantly affected the way businesses and consumers interact with each other. It has been shown how classic having a two way conversation is in order to implement and manage a companys brand and reputation. This is significant because it is important to know just how much power we have as consumers. Until the new-made advent of the internet and social media, traditional advertising and marketing was a one way conversation. A company advertised their product or service and the consumer was just forced to believe them.Now, consumers are able to stand their own voice and have a say in what they believe. This is natural for companies to understand because now they have to not only provide products and services, they need to communicate those products and services with consumers without being false or misleading, otherwise these companies will not be in business very long. Works Cited Moran, Edward, and Francois Gossieaux. Marketing In A Hyper-Social World. Journal Of Advertising Research 50. (2010) 232-239. Business point of reference Premier. Web. 6 whitethorn 2012. Hill, Ronald P. , and Nora Moran. Social Marketing Meets Interactive Media. International Journal Of Advertising 30. 5 (2011) 815-838. Business cite Premier. Web. 6 may 2012. Duboff, Robert, and Scott Wilkerson.Social Media Roi. Marketing Management 19. 4 (2010) 32-37. Business Source Premier. Web. 6 may 2012. Jones, Brian, John Temperley, and Anderson Lima. Corporate Reputation In The Era Of Web 2. 0 Th e Case Of Primark. Journal Of Marketing Management 25. /10 (2009) 927-939. Business Source Premier. Web. 6 May 2012. Marketing On A Shoe String. Marketing Health Services 32. 1 (2012) 12-15. Business Source Premier. Web. 6 May 2012. Maurya, Mohit. Evolution Of Blogs As A Credible Marketing Communication Tool. Journal Of Case Research 2. 1 (2011) 71-90. Business Source Premier. Web. 6 May 2012. Ramsay, Matt.Social Media Etiquette A Guide And Checklist To The Benefits And Perils Of Social Marketing. Journal Of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management 17. /4 (2010) 257-261. Computer Source. Web. 6 May 2012. Yan, Jack. Social Media In Branding Fulfilling A Need. Journal Of Brand Management 18. 9 (2011) 688-696. Business Source Premier. Web. 6 May 2012. Stelzner, Michael A. 2011 Social Media Marketing persistence Report. How Marketers are Using Social Media to Grow Their Businesses. SocialMediaExaminer. com. April 2011, Web. 16 March 2012 Altes, Karen. Social Integration. Journal Of Property Management 76. 6 (2011) 60. Business Source Premier. Web. 6 May 2012.

Michelangelo and Mannerism

Michelangelo Bonaparte has acclaim to be known as the greatest artist of his time, and one of the any time greats for sure. Albeit unlike other artists of his time he was recognized for his brilliance while he was alive. He was in any case torn between his patronage, of the Medici family in Florence, and the Catholic church in Rome. He was born in 1475 and died in 1564 a ripe age of 88 or 89 long time old. Michelangelo is also attributed with development in Mannerism. Mannerism emerged in 1520, about 40 years before Michelangelo death. Mannerism is a rich achievement of European art that was later replaced by Baroque erred.Mannerism is basically taking a turn after the High Renaissance from the sweet angelic ideals to a more basic, tense, unstable perspective and is often credited with the growth of intellect sophistication. By the end of the High Renaissance some of the younger artists felt that everything difficult to be done to prove yourself in the art domain had already been done, thus the development of a new style, Mannerism. The Last Judgment, or better known as the Sistine Chapel, shows strong tendencies of the Mannerist Period. The exaggerated muscles on the rude(a) bodies is strong example.Also the way the bodies are positioned in such(prenominal) pained poses also points towards the Mannerist style. The overly flowery and intricate style of painting and the over the pass along color scheme and overall grandeur of the fresco also points towards the Mannerist plosive speech sound. other piece of art that exemplifies the Mannerist period by Michelangelo is his cutting of David. Although its a sculpture he is trying to show the human soul personified by the ornate and obscure structure of the human body and musculature. He is showing you a man in a seemingly natural position.But in world this pose would be hard to hold over a period of time. And if a closer look is taken it can be seen that the musculature of this sculpture is not exactly anatomically correct. With Mannerism developing towards the oculus of his life, Michelangelo got to paint not only during the High Renaissance but the Mannerist period as well. Although I only listed two examples, Michelangelo had many more paintings and such that exemplify the styles of Mannerism. He was a great artist who contributed to the Mannerist period in many ways. Michelangelo and Mannerism By gingering

Academic Integrity

academic virtuosoness lawfulness Is to follow high-quality morals when no one Is observing. Integrity Is a trusty quality to produce because it makes the person to a greater extent trustworthy and a snap off person in general. Academic uprightness is when one is honest and honorable when it comes to studies and to school. An instance of donnish rightfulness is when a person does non ramble even when the teacher leaves the room. If the person decides to take out his notes and cheat when the teacher leaves the room, he is displaying academic dishonesty.Why cheat? Maybe the bookman has umteen adulterous and is unable to find time to study, he feels pressured by his p bents and cheats to amuse them, or he Is just too lazy to study and cheats so he can keep his optional status. Students often cheat because they beget an cardinal Incentive, students rarely cheat for sport. In a high school stage setting students may cheat so they can get well behaved grades and please t heir parents, former(a)s may cheat because they dont have time to study. In high school, students essential do well so they can get in to unplayful colleges so they wont be left featureless.Because their whole lives depend on their performance n high school, they have an incentive to cheat. The consequences around students buttock for academic dishonesty in high school is a abatement or in some cases, expulsion. In universities, students are often more stressed than high school students and require more time for probe preparation, but because of pressure, they may end up resorting to academic dishonesty in order to pass classes. In Carnegie Melons Why do Students Cheat? Article, the precedent states that the college students are held o high expectations and are socially pressured to get good grades.Other students are Involved In bid work or have too many classes In their give and do not have good time management to make time to study for assessments. hopefully by facing the consequences of showing a overlook of integrity, the student learns to mystify a person who comes to value honesty. Many who are dishonest count social consequences and lack of trust from peers and teachers/professors. Other consequences are facing trial, probation, sanctions, and discharge from the institution.To have integrity is to apply it, mend the student is learning and maturement intellectually, they should be taught to value honesty and integrity so they can practice the principles. Another way to integrate integrity into our society is to establish a system where integrity is one of the highest principles, and if one was to show a lack of Integrity, they may face the consequences the community sees fit. Academic Integrity Is one of the just some Important aspects of a learning environment. Without It, students will practice dishonesty and demoralise themselves. By shrub Integrity is to follow high-quality morals when no one is observing.Integrity is a time to st udy, he feels pressured by his parents and cheats to please them, or he is cheat because they have an underlying incentive, students rarely cheat for sport. In a students must do well so they can get in to good colleges so they wont be left involved in volunteer work or have too many classes in their hands and do not have show a lack of integrity, they may face the consequences the community sees fit.Academic IntegrityAccording the Walden University Student handbook academic integrity to be essential for each students intellectual development (2013 commandment of Conduct Student Handbook). This allows students hazard to freely exchange, students and instructors attribution. Enrollment to the University solidifies a trueness to abide by the code of conduct. By instilling academic integrity within your writing it gives students a break to write creatively while accepting the responsibility for academic integrity (COCSH, 2013).There are many reasons to maintain academic integrity, but it sometimes becomes difficult for this success to master at a doctoral level. It is most-valuable that students not deny themselves the opportunity to succeed by taking curt cuts. Thus, this will compromise their integrity and violate the Student code of conduct. Students are encourages students to may submit questions and concerns to reach their faculty mentor, course instructor, or academic advisor. (2013) plagiarisation In my opinion, Plagiarism is taking someones accredited ideas and writing and qualification it yours without giving proper trust to the author.Plagiarism can be revokeed by always citing sources that ideas are derived from other works as use for your hold ideas when writing. Credit should be presumption when credit is due (APA 2010,p15). Self-Plagiarism is when you do not present your own antecedently published works accurately. According to the exit manual(a) of the American mental Association, each time a student summarizes a passage or rearr ange the order of a article of faith by changing some of the words, credit to the source is requisite (APA 2010). This is mandatory to safeguard other generators ideas.In some instances, such(prenominal) as describing details or an analytical approach extensive self-referencing is unsuitable (APA 2010 p16). Citation It is necessary to avoid plagiarism this can be realized when mentions occur and also when original ideas are not derived. According to the APA Manual the author, year, and specific page citation or paragraph are required quotation comprising of less than 40 words, should open, and close with double quotation delay and the source cited in parentheses. (APA, 2010, p171).An example of this would be In the United States, the American Cancer Society (2007) estimated that about 1 million cases of NMSC and 59,950 cases of melanoma would be diagnosed in 2007, with melanoma resulting in 8,110 deaths(Miller et al, 2009 p. 209. ) Conclusion In conclusion, Academic Integrity is imperative and should be adhered to in order to maintain the highest level of erudite standards. Paraphrasing, citing authors contributions mightily and acknowledging secondary sources allow readers to discover enlightening writings and strengthen the writers credibility to contribute accurately.Academic IntegrityAccording the Walden University Student Handbook academic integrity to be essential for each students intellectual development (2013 Code of Conduct Student Handbook). This allows students opportunity to freely exchange, students and instructors attribution. Enrollment to the University solidifies a commitment to abide by the code of conduct. By instilling academic integrity within your writing it gives students a chance to write creatively while accepting the responsibility for academic integrity (COCSH, 2013).There are many reasons to maintain academic integrity, but it sometimes becomes difficult for this success to achieve at a doctoral level. It is important tha t students not deny themselves the opportunity to succeed by taking short cuts. Thus, this will compromise their integrity and violate the Student code of conduct. Students are encourages students to may submit questions and concerns to contact their faculty mentor, course instructor, or academic advisor. (2013) Plagiarism In my opinion, Plagiarism is taking someones original ideas and writing and making it yours without giving proper credit to the author.Plagiarism can be avoided by always citing sources that ideas are derived from other works as use for your own ideas when writing. Credit should be given when credit is due (APA 2010,p15). Self-Plagiarism is when you do not present your own previously published works accurately. According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, each time a student summarizes a passage or rearrange the order of a sentence by changing some of the words, credit to the source is required (APA 2010). This is required to safe guard other writers ideas.In some instances, such as describing details or an analytical approach extensive self-referencing is undesirable (APA 2010 p16). Citation It is necessary to avoid plagiarism this can be completed when citations occur and also when original ideas are not derived. According to the APA Manual the author, year, and specific page citation or paragraph are required quotation comprising of less than 40 words, should open, and close with double quotation mark and the source cited in parentheses. (APA, 2010, p171).An example of this would be In the United States, the American Cancer Society (2007) estimated that about 1 million cases of NMSC and 59,950 cases of melanoma would be diagnosed in 2007, with melanoma resulting in 8,110 deaths(Miller et al, 2009 p. 209. ) Conclusion In conclusion, Academic Integrity is imperative and should be adhered to in order to maintain the highest level of scholarly standards. Paraphrasing, citing authors contributions correctly and acknowledging secondary sources allow readers to discover informative writings and strengthen the writers credibility to contribute accurately.

Why the Legal Drinking Age Should Stay at Twenty-one

Alcohol is a depressant that affects your vision, coordi commonwealth, reaction time, multitasking ability, judgment, and decision-making (Short and Long Term). Seventy-five portion of adults in America befuddle inebriant (Health). Beca make use of of the vast impact that inebriant phthisis has had on America, it has become a hot topic of debate. Specifically, on whether lowering the term at which a person behind lawfulness proficienty discombobulate would decrease the amount of inebriantic alcoholic bever come onismic confuse abuse by minors. To estimablely address the issue of nether(a) durationd boozing in America, the reas bingled alcohol addiction eon should stay at xx- unrivalled.If let charge, the amount of alcoholic drink being consumed by persons under twenty- unmatched would make up, causing a rise in alcohol think accidents and cobblers last. Origins of Alcohol Ethanol, the alcohol we consume, is made by fermenting and distilling fruits and g rains. Alcohol agitation is a natural process which occurs when yeast converts carbohydrates, such as amylum or sugar, into alcohol. An example would be wheat utilise to create beer, or grapes to produce drink. Most plant matter can be used to produce alcohol.When an alcoholic bever season is consumed, 20 pct of the alcohol is impris one(a)d in the stomach and 80 percent in the small intestine (Freudenrich). The speed of absorption depends upon the concentration of alcohol in the beverage, gender, w eightsome, and whether your stomach is full or empty food slows down the absorption of alcohol. Men ab founder awayly pee much muscle mass and little fat so women, so one drink progeny not affect a man as it would a woman.A person doesnt start relish the effects of alcohol until it is carried through the bloodstream, to thebodys tissues. This process takes round twenty minutes, depending on the amount originally consumed. Once absorbed by the bloodstream, five percent of the alcohol is expelled through the kidneys as urine, five percent through exhalation of the lungs, and the rest is broken down into acetic acerb by the colored (Freudenrich). A person becomes drunk when an excess of alcohol is consumed and cannot be absorbed by the liver. Throughout history, alcohol has provided a large variety of uses for the human race.No one knows exactly when alcohol was first base used, exactly intentionally fermented drinks existed as early as 10,000 B. C. (Patrick, 12-13). In ancient Egypt, create from raw stuff dates back to the beginning of civilization, where alcohol played an important roll in worship of the gods (Cherrington, vol. 1, 404). Alcoholic beverages were used for pleasure, nutrition, medicine and ritual. In China, alcohol was considered a spiritual food, playing an important percentage in religious vivification (Hucker, 28).In ancient times people always drank when holding a memorial ceremony, arrive atering sacrifices to gods or thei r ancestors, pledging re effect in front going into battle, celebrating victory, ahead feuding and official executions, for taking an oath of allegiance, art object attending the ceremonies of birth, marriage, reunions, de fateures, death, and festival banquets (Fei-Peng, 13). Greeks were the most restrained when it came to alcohol economic consumption in ancient history. This had to do with their rules stressing hash out intoxication, diluting wine with water, and avoiding excess (Austin, 11).However, intoxication at gatherings and festivals was not uncommon. By 1,700 B. C. , wine making was commonplace, and during the next thousand years wine alcohol addiction anticipate the same function so commonly found around the earth It was incorporated into religious rituals, it became important in hospitality, it was used for medicinal purposes and it became an implicit in(p) part of daily meals (Babor, 1986, pp. 2-3). Greek philosopher, Plato, thought wine, in moderation, was be neficial to ones health and happiness.With all of these ancient countries prospering, and overpowering alcohol for the better, it is herculean to believe that alcohol consumption laws argon being abused both day by pocket-sizedd drinkers. Temperance Movement In the early geezerhood of America, alcohol was viewed positively, with the idea that it was to be received with thankfulness. Even toddlers drank alcohol it was seen as healthful for everyone.Ironically enough, for over thirty years, those who abstained from alcohol had to pay life policy rates thatwere ten percent higher than that for drinkers. Those who held back from alcohol were seen as thin and watery, and as mentally cranked, in that he repudiated the good creatures of deity as found in alcoholic drinks (Kobler, 26). There was an expectation that abusing alcohol was not acceptable. Drunkenness was condemned and punished, merely only as an abuse of a God- minded(p) gift. Drink itself was not looked upon as culpable, each more than than food merit blame for the sin of gluttony. Excess was a personal indiscretion (Aaron and Musto, 132).Violations did occur, precisely for the most part, alcohol abuse was not a major caper, until urbanization. With an add-on in poverty and crime in colonial America, came an increase in alcohol abuse. A sizeable number of Americans for the first time began to drink to excess by themselves. The solo binge was a new conventionality of drinking in which periods of abstinence were interspersed every week, month, or season with one to three-day periods of solitary inebriation (Rorabaugh, 144). This is when people began to search for solutions to drinking problems.One suggestion came from one of the most influential physicians of the period, Dr. Benjamin Rush. In 1784, Dr. Rush argued that the excessive use of alcohol was injurious to a persons physical and mental health (Katcher, 275). Many thought that the only way to prevent boozing was to abstain from drinking alcohol completely. With the influence of Rushs belief, the first temperance association was formed in Connecticut in 1789, and inwardly the next few decades other temperance organizations were formed in eight states (Ashbury, 28-31).The future day of this suit to moderate alcohol seemed bright, but many a(prenominal) of its leaders overestimated their strength they expanded their activities and took positions on other moral issues. This just turned into political bickering, and by the early 1820s their movement was stalled. To get out of this standstill, most temperance organizations argued that the only way to prevent drunkenness was to obliterate alcohol consumption completely. While the Temperance Movement began by advocating the temperate, or moderate, use of alcohol, it now said that no one should be permitted to drink any amounts of alcohol (Royce, 40).They became much more extreme, devoted advocates of their cause. They became prohibition eraists. For decades the Amer ican normal was flooded with temperance pamphlets, temperance novels, temperance newspapers, temperance sermons, and temperance lectures-the continuing sustained and perhaps the largest organized effort at mass discourse about a social issue that the country has ever seen (Room, 22). interestingly enough, root beer, the carbonated soft drink, was developed by prohibitionists in the hopes that it would switch beer in popularity that effort was clearly unsuccessful.Many prohibitionists saw it as their religious business to encourage temperance, even through politics. Children were even used in the movement to march, sing and exert pressure at polling places. One of the leading organizations for field of study Prohibition, the Anti-Saloon League, stressed its religious character, and anything it did was seen as moral or warrant because it was working for God. Decades later, their strong organization and political tactics paid off in the passage of the 18th Amendment to the U. S . Constitution, establishing national prohibition.A leader of the Anti-Saloon League give tongue to that before its passage in Congress, 13,000 business people who back up prohibition were given crucial instructions We blocked the telegraph wires in Congress for three days. One of our friends sent seventy-five telegrams, each subscribe turnaroundly with the name of one his subordinates. The campaign was successful. Congress surrendered. The first to cut the white flag was Senator Warren Harding of Ohio. He told us frankly he was opposed to the amendment, but since it was app atomic number 18nt from the telegrams that the business world was demanding it he would go under his own opinion and vote for submission.(Pollard, 107)For decades prohibition had been advocated as the magical solution to the nations poverty, crime, and other indiscretions (Aaron and Musto, 157). However, almost immediately after the Eigh striplingth Amendment was imposed, alcohol was being made and consu med il sub judicely. Grape juice began to sell as bricks or blocks of Rhine Wine along with a warning After dissipation the brick in a gallon of water, do not place the fluidness in a jug away in the cupboard for twenty days, because then it would turn into wine (Aaron and Musto, 159). Ironically, American alcohol production and consumption grew during the period of prohibition.It encouraged high amounts of alcohol consumption in secretive, unregulated ways. People did not take the shake up to go to a speakeasy, front the password, and pay high prices for very poor quality alcohol obviously to move over a beer. When people went to speakeasies, they went to get drunk. (Zinberg and Fraser, 468). Removing the alcohol from the norms of everyday orderliness increased drinking problems. Without well-known prescriptions for use and commonly held sanctions against abuse, prohibition drinkers were odd almost as defenseless as were the South American Indians in the face of Spanish ru m and brandy. (Zinberg and Fraser, 470).Violence and corruption of public officials caused by prohibition only added to the list of problems. It became difficult to convict prohibition violators because public validate for the law and its enforcement dramatically weakened. For example, of 7,000 arrests in New York between 1921 and 1923, only 27 resulted in convictions (Lender and Martin, 154). Political views on the law began to shift as its ineffectiveness became evident. Even John D. Rockefeller, Jr. , a lifelong abstainer, inform his support for strike down of the eighteenth amendment, because of the widespread problems it caused (Prendergast, 44).The popular vote for repeal of the eighteenth amendment was three to one, the American people rejected prohibition (Childs, 260-261). It is obvious that alcohol abuse was, and still is, an infinite problem faced by American adults and adolescents. Clearly permanently abstaining from alcohol is a mess as well. The solution, to find a healthy medium, is clear allow Americans the consumption of alcohol, but restricting the age at which it can be consumed to twenty-one allow support alcohol in moderation and promote lawfulness when consuming alcohol.Underage Alcohol Abuse Alcohol use among teenagers is not uncommon. Archives of paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine says, by the end of high school, about 75% of adolescents have tried alcohol, and more than half report having been drunk at least once in their life. Alcohol is involved in more than one-third of the adolescent deaths associated with unintentional injury, homicide, and suicide (Further and Fredrick). If the drinking age is take down to 18, juvenility in this country will start drinking at younger and younger ages.It will be much easier for 15 to 17 year olds to obtain alcohol via their 18 year old coadjutors in high school (Fell). The abundance of alcohol will cause distractions to students stu analyzes as well as create dangers after hours. More a ccidents argon rally to occur, and teens will be less promising to report medical extremity if they are under the influence, whether it be for fear of getting in trouble or just so drunk that theyre unaware of any sort of problem. A higher drinking age has proven to be beneficial to the health and safety of underaged women.Adolescent drinking plays a significant role in chancey sexual behavior, including unwanted, unintended, and unprotected sexual activity, and sex with two-fold partners (Cooper and Orcutt). Such behavior increases the risk for unplanned pregnancy and for contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including infection with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS (Cooper et al. , 1994). If the drinking age is lower below twenty-one, adolescents will feel more comfortable drinking more, unwittingly increasing the risk of physical and sexual assault among women (Staley, 1998).Having alcohol in the body while youre driving changes your distance and speed wisdom by making you see things farther or closer than they unfeignedly are, or makes you feel like youre driving the speed find when youre really speeding (Short and Long Term). Every day in America, another 27 people die as a result of drunk driving crashes (An Examination). Sixty percent of all teen deaths in car accidents are alcohol related, and, in a wiz year, 522 children under the age of 14 were arrested for driving while intoxicated (Teenage Drunk Driving).During the 1980s, the nation saw a reduction in alcohol-related black crashes, directly due to raising the legal minimum age for the sale and public bullheadedness of alcohol to age 21 (Statement) It is estimated that minimum drinking age laws have prevented nearly 25,000 fatalities since 1975 Fig. 1. Cumulative Estimated Number of Young Lives Saved by tokenish Drinking Age Laws, 1975-2007 (Traffic Safety Facts, Young Drivers, 2006). However, underaged drinking is still a problem.High school teens drive after drinking about 2.4 million times a month (Teen Drinking and Driving). These numbers will only increase if the drinking age is get down, because alcohol will be more right away available to adolescents, and misuse will be deadly. Blood alcohol centre is the percentage of alcohol in the blood. All 50 states require that the legal blood alcohol content remain at . 08% or less when driving a motor vehicle. This means that . 08% of a persons blood, by volume, is alcohol (The Code).Teenage boys with a Blood Alcohol level of . 05%-.10% are 18 times more likely to suffer a single vehicle crash than a teenager with no alcohol in the bloodstream (Teenage Drunk Driving). Thats two beers in the course of one hour. Do you really want alcohol consumption to be legal for eighteen year olds? The National Highway Traffic Safety government activity Report of 1995 showed that raising the drinking age to twenty-one reduced teen traffic accidents significantly, and brought a thirteen percent decrease in fatal tra ffic accidents for all ages. Alcohol abuse has been a rising problem for the past three decades.With continued exposure, the human body must vary to increase the tolerance of alcohol. This involves an increase in the amount of the livers enzymes that are used to break down alcohol, and an increase in brain activity and nervous-system neurons (Freudenrich). These adaptations forbidly change a persons behavior. With long-term alcohol exposure, the body does become more efficient at eliminating alcohol in the blood, but this also means that the person must drink more alcohol to experience the same effects as before, which leads to more drinking and contributes to addiction.Alcohol addiction, or alcoholism, is a chronic disease in which a person becomes physically dependent on alcohol (Watson). Not everyone who drinks alcohol heavily is considered an alcoholic. Those who drink enough to affect their family or job responsibilities, or drive while intoxicated, abuse alcohol, but they do not unavoidably have a dependence on it. Alcoholics feel the need to drink, too to the way that most people feel the need to eat. There are many social factor ins that can cause one to develop alcoholism. just about include peer pressure, advertising, and the environment.Young people are extremely susceptible to peer pressure. Too many teenagers think it is acceptable to drink because their friends are doing it. Adolescents who drink alcohol experience problems with brain development and learning. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism says that people who begin drinking before age fifteen are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence at some time in their lives compared to those who have their first drink at age twenty or older. Lowering the drinking age would only create more alcohol addiction among adolescents.Alcohol, in the long-term, disrupts normal brain development causes permanent liver damage kills brain cells, destroys organs and causes amount of money problems such as heart attack, disease and stroke (Short and Long Term). The higher the legal drinking age is, the less likely alcohol will be a factor in a young adults death, and the more longevity of the average persons life. Reaffirming the heavy Drinking Age Believe it or not, there are exceptions to the law that makes it illegal for anyone under the age of twenty-one to consume alcohol.In twenty-nine states, its legal for a minor to drink alcohol on private, non alcohol-selling premises, with enatic consent, and eleven states allow for minors to have alcohol on alcohol-selling premises, with maternal(p) approval (ProCon. org). These exceptions to the law are extremely flawed. Alcohol affects minors in a way that is different to adults consuming alcohol. Its legal for a minor to drink alcohol on private property with maternal consent. What does that say if the parents are drunk themselves?Parents under the influence would not give proper supervision to the minors drinking alcohol, and, therefore, greatly increase the risk of an accident. This exception needs to be abolished, because adolescents consuming alcohol has proven negative short-term and long-term consequences. Underage drinking is a leading contributor to death from injuries, which are the main cause of death for people under age twenty-one. Annually, about 5,000 people under age 21 die from alcohol-related injuries involving underage drinking (The Surgeon, 10).About 1,600 deaths result from homicides and 300 from suicides (Teen Drinking and Driving). If adolescents are given permission by parents to drink alcohol, then they will assume that they can get away with alcohol consumption in their homes when their parents are not around. This can lead to dangerous parties with underaged alcohol consumption. Many rights have different ages of initiation. A person can obtain a hunting permission at age twelve, drivers license at age sixteen, vote and dispense in the military at eighteen, serve in the U. S.House of Representatives at age twenty-five and in the U. S. Senate at age thirty and run for electric chair at age thirty-five (Wagenaar and Toomey). The minimum age of initiation is base on the specific behavior involved and must take into calculate the dangers and benefits of that behavior at a given age (Wagenaar and Toomey). The policy for alcohol consumption at age twenty-one takes into account the fact that underage drinking is related to numerous serious problems, including injuries and deaths resulting from car crashes, suicide, homicide, assault, drowning and recreational injuries.One sway for lowering the legal drinking age is that nineteen and twenty year-olds are drinking anyway, so why not legalize it so they will drink in controlled settings? Research shows that about half of drivers arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI) or killed as drinking drivers in traffic crashes, did their drinking at licensed establishments (An Examinati on). Most other foreign countries have a lower drinking age than America. It is argued that alcohol is a bigger part of the European family than it is part of the American family.Many have argued that a high drinking age forces young people to drink without adult supervision, on the contrary making it legal for eighteen to twenty year-olds to drink alcohol causes worse problems because of the abundance of drinking that takes place. For example, in New Zealand, the drinking age was lowered from twenty to eighteen in 1999. After the drinking age was lowered to eighteen, there was a significant increase in traffic crashes among youth affected by the law change (Kypri et al., 126-131).About half of the European countries have intoxication rates among young people that are higher than the intoxication rates in the United States (Comparison). This evidence proves that younger drinking ages are hazardous to the health of adolescents, which, is why the American minimum legal drinking age s hould stay at twenty-one. Research has proven that keeping the age at which one can legally consume alcohol at twenty-one is best for Americans and their well being.In ancient times, alcohol in moderation was seen as a way of life, but advanced day has consistently shown the need for regulation of alcoholic drinking. The problem with identifying the best minimum drinking age, to reduce alcohol abuse, involves many issues of freedom, responsibility, religion, politics and many other realms of life (Alcohol). Americas past has shown that making the consumption of alcohol illegal to everyone is a disaster. Keeping the legal drinking age at twenty-one is the best solution, because it promotes healthier drinking habits for everyone, especially the futures adults.Keeping the legal age at twenty-one reduces the amount of death and injury sexually transmitted diseases and abuse and addiction. The public should be inform on the risks and negative effects to ones health when drinking too m uch alcohol. Keep in mind the ruinous short- and long-term affects alcohol has on the body. The next time you decide to sit down and have a drink, or two, or three, remember the lasting harmful effects that will ensue, especially if your still growing and developing.

“A Good Man is Hard to Find” by Flannery O’ Connor Essay

While the concept of aggrandize seems ilk the last theme in this story of murder and selfishness, it is in macrocosm represented quite frequently and as a big lift off of the story line. A Good Man is hard to Find focuses in the first place on the personalities and traits of the two main characters, grandma and The Misfit. These two seem like complete diametrals, which creates for a very intriguing comparison when it comes to their intelligence and capableness for gentleness in this short story. The Misfit displays a clear superiority in intelligence through his behavior and actions. The Misfit also has an obvious faculty for change that exceeds the nanna by analyzing his thoughts and conversations with the nanna.The readers can infer that some of the naans traits are being close-minded and selfish. She lies to her grandchildren, complains about how the present times cannot thus far compare to the superiority of the past, and manipulates her son. The grandmother displa ys no self-awareness and is not open to reality and the current world around her. During the conversation moments before the grandmother was shot, her spoken language stress these previous points. She portrays obvious ignorance when she attempts to convince the Misfit that he would never do this and that killing a lady is wrong. It is like she knows him and knows how he thinks and clearly she does not. The grandmother believes he will do what she says just because of her set and what she thinks is right in this situation Ignorance at its finest. While these points show the weakness of the grandmother, they also prove the superiority of the Misfits intelligence in comparison. whole along the Misfit intends to kill the family. Although in that location may have been moments of grace,the end result was inevitable. Because of the Misfits age, real-world experience, and physical grade and the arms he carries, he has a clear one- up in intelligence in this situation. The grandmother is just pleading for her survival at this point, while the Misfit is in control. He bears a weapon that determines living or death in these very moments. The Misfit has a clear strategy for death penalty of the doomed family. First the parents and children are killed in the woods and the grandmother is save for last. The Misfit has had to experience much more of the real world than has the family.He has had m either tough times and obstacles to overcome, while the grandmother and her family have lived sheltered compared to him. Now, the grandmother is placed in a very real situation and does not know how to handle it successfully which gives the Misfit a clear advantage for control. All her life, the grandmother has placed herself higher than everyone else and is now forced to do the opposite and her life depends on it. This intense sign of weakness is foreign to the grandmother and is what ultimately gets her killed when placed against someone of higher intelligence.Capacity f or grace is an ongoing theme represented in bother the Misfit and the grandmother. The Misfit shows more capacity for grace than does the grandmother. During the grandmothers plead to keep her life, she is very consistent in her argument and stays true to her reasoning that she thinks he is a legal man and that he would never kill a lady, basically putt words in his mouth and thoughts in his head. She does not back follow up from her beliefs and keeps trying to persuade him not to kill her, which is the only thing cut across her mind at that moment.During her argument, she talks about Jesus and his actions and even though the Misfit puts on a tough faade, we find that later in the book, his values change from originally stating that there is no pleasure in life notwithstanding meanness, transitioning to there is no pleasure in life at all. This shows a little mercy and capability of change in the Misfit that is not present in the grandmother whatsoever. These two characters were very unlikely recipients of any grace, but the Misfit showed more towards the grandmother by not shooting her at present and changing his values drastically.A Good Man is Hard to Find, shows the contrast between two extremely different characters which creates a very provoke comparison between them. The Misfit takes the lead in both intelligence and capacity for grace when put up against the grandmother. He is more educated in real world situations while she is ignorant and unaware also the Misfit shows more willingness to change than does the grandmother from her old, close-minded ways. The Misfit is an unlikely candidate to fit these roles but his actions and thoughts prove otherwise throughout the story.

Recording analysing and using HR information Essay

The below note leave give you a brief nurture well-nigh the way the presidential terms approach to collecting, sorting and using HR info. This was divided into the chase1) Two reasons why the presidential term needs to collect HR dataa) to be able to retrieve information whenever it is needed. For example for each one placement has to keep faultless records or information of their employees in order to be able to use this information for planning ahead () b) a profound requirement, for instance in order to be able to make accurate tax harvestings to the government 12) Two types of data that is collected within the organization and how each fill-ins HR pr exemplifyicesa) sickness records this type of data/ spread abroad may be collected periodically (monthly or quarterly) and compared or analysed against each employees attendance records. This helps the human resources to manage the attendance record of the organisation accurately and inform line managers of the constant attendance offenders () b) the contact expatiate for each employee especially home address. This is all important(p) if a correspondence needs to be sent out to each employee, such as contract, standslips, pensions 23) A comment of at least cardinal orders of sorting records and the benefits of eacha) manual system paper-based items such as employees original application forms, contracts of employment and any other documentation letters, references, and so on that relate to employment. Such records should be systematically field for security purposes and ease of glide slope to authorized users. () b) electronically method () not only can absence seizure seizure turnover, pay and training be monitored easily, but specific programs on human resource planning, psychometric testing, employee education and appraisals can be used to help make relevant decisions. entropybases containing employee details can be a real time-saver when it comes to works out pay awards, statisti cs on how many people have been trained who is due for loneliness and so on () Both of those methods help in strategic decision-making, support serve to line managers, () provides information when decisions need to be make rough the future of an individual employee 34) A statement of at least two essential items of UK legislation relating to the recording, storage and accessibility of HR dataa) data Protection bring (1998)processed fairly and lawfully and shall not be processed unless certain conditions are met obtained only for specified and lawful purposes fit, relevant and not excessive ()accurate and up to datekept for no longer than in necessaryprocessed in accordance with the rights given(p) under the DPA98 kept securelynot transferred to a country without adequate data protection4b) Freedom of Information Act 2000 provides public access to information held by public authorities. It does this in two ways overt authorities are obliged to publish certain information about their activities and Members of the public are entitled to request information from public authorities. 5 purpose B493This section analyses absence wariness in Private Sector in 2014. The information is based on the CIPD Survey Report, published in November 2014.The report concentrates on analysing data for organisations on absence as well as a focus on employee offbeat. Additionally the report says, about the electrical shock of government initiatives on absence management. The report was divided into the following sections1) Absence levelIt has reduced considerably. The average level has fallen by 1.7 geezerhood this year compared with last. (Figure 1)Length of absencenearly of absence are short-run (up to 7 days),14% of absence are semipermanent (up to 4 weeks) (Table 6)a) short-term absence based on the vast majority 85% little illnessmusculoskeletal injuriesback painhome/family responsibilitiesstressgenial ill-health (Table 10)1/3 of private sector organisations reporte d increase in stress-related absence.The reasons of it are high workloads, non-work relationships/family and management style.2/5 of private services organisations report an increase in affable health problemsSolutionswith regards to stress absence management training and training to build personal resilience, flexible working options/improved work-life sleep with regards to mental ill-health counseling, flexible working options/improved work-life balance and employee assistance programmers,training to line managers to effectively manage and support plyb) long-term absenceacute conditions (stroke, heart attack, cancer)stressmusculoskeletal injuriesmental ill healthback pain (Table 13)Solutionschange the working patterns or environment to enable people to stay in or return to work, flexible working arrangementsThe vast majorities of organisations have a written absence/attendance management policy, record their employee absence rate collect information on the causes of absence and provide one or more well-being benefits. Developing line managers capability to manage absence (2014 56% of those that made changes 2013 33%) This was achieved by an increased focus on attendance strategies and the position that some organisations are developing line managers capability, from 39% (2013) to 61% (2014)2) woo of absenceIt has increased compared with last year2014 5202013 467 (Figure 2)3) Approaches to absence managementa) short-termreturn-to-work interviews (the most effective method)trigger mechanisms to revive attendancedisciplinary procedures for inconceivable absencegiving sickness absence information to line managers (Table 25)b) long-termreturn-to-work interviewsrisk assessments to aid return to workoccupational health engagement (table 26)4) Government plan1/5 of organisations plan to access the clean government Independent Assessment and Advisory Service (now called the Fit for travel Scheme).SummeryMost private sector employers believe they could decr ease their absence levels. Organisations themselves need to ensure that they understand the cost of absence to help galvanise senior management support for addressing absence issues. Regular monitoring, review and act on the data they collect regarding the level and causes of absence, to ensure their approach to absence and well-being is relevant to their organisations specific issues. Clearly is essential to develop line managers in managing short-term absence. 6Bibliography1 Why Organisations Need Data College Essays Oluwatayo. 2014. Why Organisations Need Data College Essays Oluwatayo. ONLINE easy at http//www.studymode.com/essays/Why-Organisations-Need-Data-1001107.html. Accessed 30 celestial latitude 2014.2 Why Organisations Need Data College Essays Oluwatayo. 2014. Why Organisations Need Data College Essays Oluwatayo. ONLINE Available at http//www.studymode.com/essays/Why-Organisations-Need-Data-1001107.html. Accessed 30 declination 2014.3 Introduction to Human Resou rce Management A Guide to HR in Practice, Charles Leatherbarow, Janet Fletcher, Donald Currie, Published by CIPD, 2013, varlet 77-784 Introduction to Human Resource Management A Guide to HR in Practice, Charles Leatherbarow, Janet Fletcher, Donald Currie, Published by CIPD, 2013, page 3925 What is the Freedom of Information Act? ICO. 2014. What is the Freedom of Information Act? ICO. ONLINE Available at https//ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-freedom-of-information/what-is-the-foi-act/. Accessed 30 December 2014.6 http//www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/absence-management_2014.pdf

Knights Apparel Essay

1. The philosophy at Alta Gracia can petty(a)er costs in the long run. They tar calculate their shuffle to colleges due to the fact that they are on the whole about fair labor and in that respect are many organizations indoors colleges that support this. Also colleges often involve disputes with other companies such as Reebok and Nike. If Alta Gracia continues to thrive their popularity will increase and they will sell much of their items. If they get popular enough in the long run more individuals will support and buy theirs products and the demand will become higher. If the demand increases hence they will be able to increase their prices and lower their cost in the long run.2. I do non believe Joseph Bozich would be able to attempt the Alta Gracia Experiment if they were a publicly traded initiative. Mainly because Joseph had his own face-to-face reasons for wanting to do this experiment. If the union were publicly traded I do non believe the majority of the holders would share Josephs views and I strongly believe that they would non want to increase the costs of making their products.3. I think that in that location are a few items that can stand in the focal point of the succession of Alta Gracia. One being the high costs, if they do not exercise their popularity amongst colleges the company could potentially suffer. Which leads me to the next impediment, which is competition. If there another company is found which has the same values but somehow manages to have lower prices hence Alta Gracia could suffer losses. I think the best thing Alta Gracia can do to minimize risk of failure is to keep satisfying their customers by guardianship them informed of how they treat their workers. This idea is the main driving force of this brand and the main reason why so many college students chose to buy their product. thence could also increase their advertising or attempt to find an excess focus group other than colleges as their main means of profit.4. If the company tried to sell to the mass foodstuff through retailers such as Walmart I do not think he would be successful. The main reason of his success are the colleges and the alone reason they want to fee more fore these products is because of the ethical values they represent, and college students are usually more aware of these issues than compared to others. Individuals shop at Walmart because they cheaper products and the customers only concern is low price. They do not really care where the product came from or how it was made, they are just interested in the low price. So Josephs products would be too costly to sell at Walmart.5. I feel thatit is somewhat ethical because if there are areas in the world where there are people willing to work for less than living wages that means that really have no choice. So ultimately it comes down to them making a low amount of money or no money at all. I think this is how big companies justify their low labor costs. If the alternative was to not produce at all then this would push companies to find these low cost labor areas because no products equals no profits.6. The Alta Gracia experiment suggests that vertical moral philosophy are also good practices to the extent of a selective market and the company has to have a history of success as well. The only reason he was able to conduct this experiment was because he was already successful and had the money to do it. Also it was privately owned so he made all the decisions and if it were not for this I do not believe there would have been a consensus of employees of a public enterprise that would vote for such action. There are hundreds of businesses who to not practice good ethics yet they are still very successful.

Why Did Henry Break with Rome?

Why Did Henry Break With Rome? Henry the VIII bust from Rome because of four main reasons silver, powerfulness, religion and succession. Some of the main reasons be linked together, one example is succession which is linked to power. By having a son he thought it would maintain his power at the crapper when he was no daylong ruler. I think that power was the just about important reason. I think this because if he broke away from the perform service of Rome, he could take cook of the church.This meant that he could unlock the generativees that the church held. By doing this he could pay for the wars he fought and the power he had over his people. He also would have more money to leave in the treasury, not only for himself but future generations. The money would lead to power his greatest desire. To carry this power on he wanted it to be entrusted in a son. All the reasons link together to show his consider for power as king. One of the reasons why Henry broke from the r omish Church was because he needed money.When Henry was made king he was short of money because he had fought lots of expensive wars. Henry whence noticed that the church had a lot of money. If he took over the church all of its treasury would be his. Source 1 states that monasteries were very rich and owned about a quarter of the land in the verdant, so he could thusly close down the monasteries, take their money and sell of the land. Henry needed the money for power so that he could then build a stronger army and fight more wars.This would then show that he was a powerful king. Money is not the around important reason but it is an important reason. Another reason he broke from the Roman Church is because he wanted power and control over his people. Henry wanted to make sure that he was in total control of England so he needed to get loose of anyone that might threaten his position including the pope. In 1534 the pope announced that Henrys conjugal union to Anne Boleyn was in valid. So Henry reacted by saying that the pope no longer had authority in England.

My Personal Experience As The Victim Of An Injustice Essay

In my life I give been very privileged that I gravel non been exposed to confrontational in rightice. Nobody like a shot came to me and told me that I have for instance, not been chosen for a position because of my shin color, my age or any other characteristic of mine that makes me who I am. However, I do get by that after 911 individuals, which look like hatful from the Middle East and or Middle easterly names are being looked at very differently than before. Before 911 I was commonly referred to as the prince of Persia in my high school. After 911 I was even by good friends jokingly called a terrorist.Growing I have lived close to an aerodrome and used to take my dog to walk around the Hamburg var.drome in Ger many an(prenominal). We went for a walk at all dates and I especially enjoyed going there after dusk because of all the fashionport lights. Lufthansa airlines has a major mechanical facility hanger on the airport. After time I developed a great passion for air planes. I would demand anything and everything ab educe in airplanes. I would make my father take me to any air show that would be within reasonable driving distance from us. I have had spent countless hours studying the mechanics of airplanes notwithstanding so I could start a career as a Lufthansa mechanic. at a time I graduated High School in Germany I apply for an internship with Lufthansa. After a while I received an invitation, for a networking character for all internship applicants. Before I arrived I could have not been more than ecstatic about finally meeting individuals who were notwithstanding as stirred about airplanes as me. May they have been master mechanics or fellow applicants. After settling in I kept on having the feeling that people were staring at me. I didnt know why but after a while I felt very uncomfortable being there and couldnt figure out why until I overheard applicants making terrorist jokes about me. Once I brought it up to one Lufthansa em ployees, he told me that they shouldnt have verbalize exact those course but that they had made a great point. He went onto inform to me that I would never stand a chance of becoming an air plane mechanic because I am Persian. 911 just happened but I would have never cerebration on my own that I would be connected in any way or form to 911.From that present moment on I always became very aware of the way I look and what my heritage is. I strongly commit that evil has been through to me on that day because I did change very overmuch the fashion I have taken in my life and I stop pursuing my dream. I dont think that the offender has had construed anything negative or will experience anything negative unless someone just suits him. Even though the recruiter may has not been racist and may just sincerely wanted to help me, he made me learn that I could be excluded from things because of things I do not have any theatrical role of control over like the color of my skin. I do h ave to say though that I have grown personally from that experience and do not let anybody stop me from doing anything just because somebody has a wrong opinion about life, like how people from Middle Eastern decent should not be employed by airlines working on their airplanes. I am fortunate enough that I have come to understand this now but while I was younger and just heard that person say that and somehow confirming what he said in blogs it affected me very much negatively. My personal experience as the offender of justiceI think that the biggest injustice I have done in my life has been, to adopt a puppy. I pick out Dino when me and my wife first got married in Atlanta and I thought that we would live the rest of our life there. I also thought that I would be able to start my career in Atlanta within the finance industry. Unfortunately nothing worked out as I planned. dapple my wife and I keep to grow our love for Dino, I continued to search for a job. I finally decided that Atlantas job market had nothing to offer and that we had to move to Chicago. Our new landlord would not accept pets and therefore we had to give our baby (Dino) for adoption. My wife and I had many arguments over that stopping point. Finally, we did move to Chicago and gave Dino up for adoption. My wife has been very much upset about giving up Dino and to this day misses him. Therefore, I believe that I have done my wife a huge injustice by making her give up on Dino. Looking fend for we didnt have to move and we didnt have to move in to that apartment. We could have had looked longer and maybe even find a military post that would have let us keep Dino but myrush decision prohibited that, which I didnt comprehend back then.I must say that I have well-read from both instances and therefore run low a more mature and patient person. I have learned that although I should still base my decisions on logic rather than perception I should not totally leave out emotions either. It is rather humorous thinking back, that emotions rather than logic has been the reason why I halt pursuing becoming a mechanic at Lufthansa.

Dream Analysis Essay

Dreams had al substances been a part of human existence. Since date immemorial, human creations had always been mystified on the phenomenon of woolgathering. As early as 5000 B. C. , early civilizations had recorded and tried to interpret their reveries on clay t adequate to(p)ts. The Egyptians, pose by the existence of conceive ofs, had even believed in a God of Dreams whom they called Serapis. Up to the present age, theorists and psychologists are unagitated un equal to arrive at a definite explanation on why humans dream. Dreams are graven in the human mind in such a way that makes it hard for researchers to objectively study them.At present, on that point are tether major theories that are widely accepted that explain such phenomenon (1) Freuds theory (2) Cognitive Theory and the (3) Activation-Synthesis Theory. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) believed that a dream exists as a wish fulfillment. harmonize to him, people have unsatisfied or unverbalised desires during the tim es when they are awake and these desires are being fulfilled unconsciously when people dream finished sleeping. For example, a person having unfulfilled cozy desires one or two solar days prior to sleeping whitethorn have dreams that are sexually erotic in nature (whitethorn put to wet dreaming).Similarly, people who had been forced to suppress their anger during open-eyed hours may have dreams that contain violent particles/ photos (Santrock, 2005, p. 244). This theory of Freud is particularly applicable to a personal experience. Once I broke our newswriter by accident. I was trying to find a way to localize it barely the totally solution I could think of is having it repaired by a technician. The master(prenominal) dilemma was that I didnt have the money to have it fixed. It was very fortunate that no one else used the printer that day. When I slept in the evening, I dreamt that a sealed old man came to fix our printer free-of-charge.The dream expiryed there. It c an be perk upn from this experience that a enigma during the day was given a temporary solution through dreaming. Although the printer wasnt actually fixed at all, the dream was sufficient in providing a quick way out of my anxiety caused by the distressed printer. A nonher example was the time when I was craving for some McDonalds Fries for no particular reason. I havent been able to go to the said Fast-Food Shop because my mother borrowed my car. I just slept through my craving for McFries and I conclusioned up dreaming about it, only that in my dream, the fries are much larger than the actual size.According to Freud, our dreams may contain images or events from our experiences of the past day or of the day before. One particular dream to illustrate this is my dream that I was able to fly. In the dream, I had my arms stretched over my head and I was agile over our village, very much like Superman. I could connect this dream to my behavior when I went swimming with my rela y stations the day before. During my stay underwater, I had been imitating the flitting position of Superman imagining that I was floating in mid-air instead of mid-water. An additional example for this theory of Freud is my dream on the Red Queen.I had watched on home video the movie Alice in Wonderland by Tim Burton. I was so irritated with the Red Queens face while I was watching the movie that I dreamt of the character when I slept in the evening. In the dream, I was having a dispute with the Red Queen where in the end I won our fight and I was able to command certain Knights, Off with her head Perhaps connected to this principle of Freud was my experience when I had a fever. I wasnt feeling well when I slept and I was feeling a bit scared to sleep in solitude. In the nitty-gritty of my sleep, I dreamt that I was transformed into a cat and that my friends could not recognize me.I was trying my best to scream my name to them however all that I could manage to say were junio r-grade meows. The next interpret of my dream was that I had a small hole in my skull. The small hole led to the deformation of my skull because it secreted foul-smelling cerebral fluid through it. I woke up in the middle of night sweating and respiration heavily. Even though events from days before may appear in a dream, it does not necessarily pie-eyed that the scenes in the dream supervene in chronology. More often than not, a dream is a homogenous mixture of assorted time-frames where the sense of chronology is absent.Tied with this principle is that places where dream scenes may happen need not be logical or real. I had dreams before of having to wake up in my bedroom as the cheerfulness was just rising and stepping out of my room, I find myself at the take aim cafeteria way past dusk. I also had a dream wherein I was standing in front of my friends house. That friend of mine had offended me during one of our night-out with the rest of our peers. In my dream, I was back to the scene wherein we were having an intense argument. Then, one second of whirling brought me in front of that friends house, waiting for him to come out and ask for forgiveness.He didnt come out of the house though and I was brought to a garden where I found him sitting on a bench. At the end of the dream, I was the one who asked for his forgiveness. The following morning, before I left for school, he gave me a phone call telling me that he was sorry. According to Freud, there are two components of a dream, a surface element which he called the manifest content and a cloak-and-dagger meaning of the surface element which he called the possible content. For example, Freud states that ophidians and crossties present in the dream may mean something else.The snake or necktie is the manifest content while its latent content is a male genitalia. This means the snake or necktie symbolizes a male genitalia. This idea of Freud made me remember a dream I had just this weekend. In the d ream, I had been boating with a twist guide on the Amazon River. I was so terrified to see a giant snake swimming just under our boat. The faceless tour guide just told me that the snake couldnt see us because we were in the snakes blind spot. I never knew what happened with me on that river, only that in the dream I was transported somewhere else I couldnt remember.Could my dream mean that I am fantasizing about whatever the snake symbolizes? Its hard to believe though The second theory of dreaming is the Cognitive Theory. It states that dreaming involves the same cognitive steps used in the waking mind processing, memory and problem solving (Santrock, 2005, p. 245). In this theory, hidden meanings of dreams through symbols are not regarded as possible. Dreaming is looked upon as an probability for the person to find a state of mind where problems can be solved through creative thinking.Robert Louis Stevenson, for example, said that it was in a dream that he acquired the idea for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Elias Howe claimed also that a dream provided him the idea of creating a sewing needle with the hole for the thread on the blunt fee of the needle and not on the middle. (Santrock, 2005, p. 245). Friedrich Kekule, the proponent of the structure of the benzene, said that the cyclical structure of benzene was seen in a dream wherein he maxim a snake trying to bite its own tail as it moves in a circular manner. I could apply this theory in one of my experiences.I was trying to come up with a tale on how humans need to face trials as means of being ablazely stronger. The story needed to be as creative as possible because I was going to present it to a youth company in our church. Out of fatigue due to too much thinking, I decided to take a nap on my desk. I dreamt hence of a young butterfly inside a cocoon. When I woke up, I was reminded of a story I heard long ago from a Franciscan nun wherein a young man tried to economic aid the young butterfly get ou t of the cocoon by inauguration the cocoon himself with the use of a pair of scissors.The butterfly went out of the cocoon weakly with scrawny wings and was unable to fly. The struggle of the butterfly to get out of the cocoon by itself helps it to develop stronger wings that would soon change it to fly. If I hadnt dreamt of the young butterfly in the cocoon, I wouldnt have remembered this story The third theory is the Activation-Synthesis Theory. It states that dreams are part of the questions internal effort to explain the neural activity that still exists even though the person is sleeping (Santrock, 2005, p. 245).Neural net carrys in areas of the forebrain are involved in both the waking and dreaming behaviors. primary(a) motor and sensory areas of the forebrain may possibly be actuate during the sensorimotor aspects of dreaming. (Santrock, 2005, p. 246). For example, if the dream asks for spatial organization, the parietal lobe would be activate. Similarly, if the dream asks for emotional requirements, the amygdala, hippocampus and frontal lobe may be activated. The movement of dreams in a fantasy-whirling manner may be due to the sudden, uncoordinated eye movements of paradoxical sleep sleep.The sudden shift or dissolvation of a particular dream scene is explained as due to the normal cycling of neural activation. During stages of sleep, levels of neurotransmitters may facelift and fall wherein particular neural networks are activated and shut down. As a new cycle is activated, that is, new sets of neural networks are activated and shut down, a new dream scene comes to the focus. Dreaming, therefore, becomes a era of fantasy-transitioned slide shows. In connection to this theory, I once had a dream that involved a real experience while I was sleeping.I managed to open my eyes as I was disturbed in the middle of a sleep. I then saw my mother in my room, fixedness the mess I left on my study desk. Subconsciously, I knew that I saw my mother insi de my room, but then, as if my brain valued to explain or make a story out of what I saw, the exact scene came to my dream. In the dream, I stood up and helped my mom fix the mess on my desk, but then my mom turned into a classmate of mine and we were back in the classroom listening intently to our teacher. I woke up in the middle of the night, convinced that I really didnt stand up to help my mom fix my mess.These ternary theories explain to us why people dream. Freuds Theory, The Cognitive Theory and the Activation-Synthesis Theory may view the phenomenon of dreaming in three different perspectives. In the present stage of human knowledge when it comes to explaining the human psyche, it could be said that an absolute explanation for dreaming is nonexistent. However, the three theories may work hand-in-hand in explaining and interpreting human dreaming. Reference Santrock, J. W. Psychology 7. McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. , 1221 Avenue of the Americas. mew York, NY 10020. 244-246