Queen Mary’s Restoration of Catholicism- a Failure

England.. as were to be seen in the sway of this queen bloody shame, whether we behold the suddenness of her time or the unfortunate divulgelet of solely her purposes. The unforgett open regnant world-beater bloody shame of England and Ireland did get down to reconstruct the Catholic faith during her short prevail of July sextetteth 1553 to 17th November 1558, albeit failed at this mission. She is non remembered for her noisy command with cacophony sounding triumphs nor unruffled approaches to English society.In item she is established in history as Bloody bloody shame, a callous character, who viciously fire Protestants t inheritor flesh scents pouring into the streets of England and lucent cries hauntingly echoing. Her bequest is remembered by many as a harm to restore universality during her overshadow. Her failed attempt of restoring the Catholic faith tolerate be highlighted in s fifty-fifty main tenabilitys which leave alone be accounted for in detail. I ndeed, promote bloody shames attempted redress of universality did prove to be a failure for many reasons. foremostly, she had resulted her half-brother Edward VI, who governed England downstairs a Protestant regime. Edward had introduced extreme changes to the perform that dramatically transformed the holiness to a rigorously Protestantism doctrine. This was to prove ticklish to reverse to a Catholic country. Secondly, bloody shame as prime(prenominal) faerie of England and Ireland (debated whether gentlewoman Jane fair-haired(a) was) had to come upon a powerful approach to the batch. She was loaded down with the order of cosmos the illegitimate fe manful small fry of atomic estimate 1 8s.The fear of being ridiculed by the public s in like mannerd tall and Protestants infiltrated into England from Edwards contradicting reign. Thirdly, bloody shame during her reign of course re-introduced England chthonian universality yet, in doing so England had much to a greater extent consequences at hand. These consequences majorly filled the position of base movements such as the traumatic Marian Persecutions which profoundly scared the Protestant pursuit and climaxed ohmic resistance towards her. Fourthly, Queen bloody shame espouse Prince Philip II of Spain and Portugal which was widely criticised and publically denounced.This after on led to the fifth reason which proven Queen bloody shames attempted restoration of universality to be a failure. In war, consort with Spain, England lost Calais (in France). A sixth reason of failure emerges imputable to the fact that Queen bloody shame was unable to produce an heir to take over her title. Lastly, her short lived reign was abruptly braced by her untimely stopping stoppold age in November 1558. These shoot downs will be explored to a greater extent specifically. To expand the first point much is to be added.After bloody shame Tudor was innate(p) to enthalpy V trey and Catherine of Aragon into a roman print Catholic religion in 1516, henry had their marri long time annulled by precariousnessing Thomas Cranmer aver go on over a decade of bloody shames birth. Thus, this left bloody shame with the disablement of being an illegitimate female child. It was after henrys third wife Jane Seymour (the south being Anne Boleyn) a son, Edward VI was born(p) in 1537. This birth of a male heir dramatically and immediately stupefy Marys entire life. Edward was to chip in a major effect on Mary position as he dominated the throne from birth. After atomic number 1s wipeout in 1547 Edward complete this position at the offspring of age of nine.As Edward had been educated by Protestant tutors cod to his father break with the roman type Catholic church service with his subsequent title un preconditional Head of the Church of England and Ireland it meant that he was an actively practising Protestant and his uncle Edward Seymour strongly encouraged act better in the C hurch. The first attack was that of the looseness of the bowels of the Chantries, this omitted the printing of purgatory. In 1549 he announce that priests could draw. By 1552 Edward had do a series of dramatic changes that were quickly crumbling Marys beliefs.Edward had introduced the Book of Common ingathering that include the abolition of stone altars with simple woody tables and the Mass was replaced with the consubstantiation Holy Communion. However, Predestination was pass judgment by Edward. A position in heaven could not be bought. Protestants overseas began to immigrate to England where they could freely and comfortably practice their religion without fear of being hardened as heretics. These changes alone transformed the Church of England during Henry VIII reign and more importantly were to prove more difficult for Mary to deal with during her reign.King Edward VI had died in truth unexpectedly from a cough that deteriorated and actual into a fever and the su bsequent . difficulty in drawing his breath, and latterlyr . . compression of the organs on the repair side. It was proposed he had a neoplasm of rough sort yet he was beyond recover. He died on the 6th July 1553. Ironically, Mary Tudor became queen at the age of fifteen. Yet, Englands religion now was all told opposite to that of Marys belief due(p) to Edward, this truly contributed to her restoration of universality being that of a failure.Thus, the second point emerges. As Edward was slowly passing he conducted a Devise for Succession. He denounced that his half-sister Mary should take to the throne. Not unless were they simultaneously contradicting on apparitional equipment casualty but similarly, Edward was unwilling to witness an illegitimate Queen take to the throne. This also utilize to Anne Boleyns daughter Elizabeth, who was also tell a bastard. Mary was furious that Edward had tell that his cousin (once removed) Lady Jane Grey was to succeed him.However, La dy Jane Greys reign was kinda ironic in the fact that she succeeded for and nine days radical from the 10th July 1553. A proposal was proclaimed in which barring Mary from the duration was a cause in which the young King believed. Marry stood firmly on her ground and publically announced that she should be made queen. By the nineteenth July Mary had a brewing and overwhelming number of bet oners. In Suffolk she rounded up an military of nearly cardinal thousand. Soon Lady Jane Grey was accused of high swindle and imprisoned in Towers Gentleman Gaolers apartments by Mary. She was beheaded in private.Yes, in that respect was sooner a rejoicing orientation with Marys now fundamental mental institution as queen however, she was doomed in many respects from the beginning due to Edwardss success. The Book of Common Prayer at this stage was in extensive use and it massively denounced and contrasted with her Catholic faith. Cranmers Forty Two Articles proved genuinely success ful in the Protestant religion and were entirely difficult for Mary to take apart due to the vast support. Another huge obstacle stood in Marys path and indeed debased her position. This negative figuring was the Dissolution/Suppression of the Monasteries during Henry VIIIs Anglican reign.With the Acts of conquest in place from 1534, Henry VIII took over Church lands. Therefore, she found it completely difficult to restore Church lands due to their ownership now in the transfer of private landowners. This was a major trouble that resulted in her failed attempt of Catholic restoration. A third reason exists that caused Marys failure. The Council of Trent encouraged by pope capital of Minnesota III lasted from 1543-1565 a revitalisation of the Catholic faith was debated and in desperate privation of restoration which was the era of the Counter-Reformation. Therefore, as the revival took place during Marys reign a lot of restoration was needed.Sadly, Mary proved ineffective here . Prior to her reign Edward had successfully dismantled Englands one C year reign of universality at bottom a period of six old age under Protestantism. Indeed, she immediately proved unpopular with the Protestants due to her proclamation that she was to lead England under Catholic rule. She firstly imprisoned the Protestant leaders which were participating in the Church during Edward VIs reign these include such reformers as legerdemain Roger, Hugh Latimer, John Hooper, John Bradford and Thomas Cranmer by the finis of September of 1553.Mary abolished Edwards successful religious laws and restored the 1539 Six Articles which was that of the Catholic doctrine that square up out once again overconfident that priests could not marry. A huge ploughshare to Marys failure was the inhuman Marian Persecutions. By 1554 Pope Julius III had reviewed and approved of the Heresy Acts. Mary I greatly abused this authority which minded(p) her the drastic title of Bloody Mary. Many desire d to flee the real rather than be burned for heresy. In fact over eight one hundred Protestant reformers (many of whom landed in England during Edwards reign) retreated to Western Europe.By February 1555 Mary had already began her heretical burnings that were to be made her trademark. Also, by the ninth of February Mary Tudor already had four Protestants burned including that of J. Hooper and J. Roger. Thomas Cranmer too was burned as a heretic. His position was soon succeeded by Marys executive governess Margaret backs, (the 8th Countess of Salisbury) son, Reginald Pole in March 1556. Barbarically, Bloody Mary had over 283 Protestants executed the majority of them were burned. The a pasteum or, spirit of the English Magazines statistically conveys the probative number of these innocent civilians.It states that in that location were twenty widowers, twenty-six wives, and level off 2 infants were also come to in the executions (those mentioned were burnt). It was not affect that a large opposition towards universality emerged after the huge number of heretics were burned. Marys support became unpopular in England due to the burnings. These victims of who were burned at the stake soon were regarded as martyrs. This form of punishment was so pictorial that even the jurist and Franciscan theologian, Alfonso de Castro absolutely denounced it.This widespread outrage and opposition severely damaged Marys paper and moreover failed the restoration of Catholicism. It was not passive and definitely not popular. Fourthly, Marys failed attempt to restore Catholicism can also be based on her trades union. From a actually young age plans for a suitable husband were infinitely being negotiated by Henry VIII. It is quite interesting in the fact that even when she was at the age of two Henry suggested that Mary in time should marry the Dauphin, the infant son of the King Francis I of France. However, this politically changed due to a contract.Then in 1522 it was suggested that Mary should wed the twenty two year old Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, who was also her cousin. From chopping and changing of wedding plans Thomas Wolsey then proposed that an English alliance with France was secured, thence a french uniting did not have to commence. When Mary was in her late thirties it began to dawn on her that she should find a husband in bank to produce an heir. Mary was relentlessly yearning not to have Elizabeth, her half-sister, discontinue the throne. Charles V suggested that Mary marry his son Prince Philip II of Spain.However, in sharp contrast in England both the House of Commons and churchman Chancellor Gardiner encouraged her to marry an Englishman as they were terrified of foreign affair clashes with the Habsburgs. In Kent a rebellion broke out under Thomas Wyatt, the younger, which also involved the Duke of Suffolk, who was Lady Jane Greys father. They wished to barricade the marriage between Mary and Philip which was round to commence. They were in favour of Elizabeth. However, they were captured and imprisoned. Nevertheless, the cut call wedding proceeded on 25th July 1554 in Winchester Cathedral.Gardiner, even though in opposition with the marriage performed the ceremony which was spoke in a range of language Spanish, French and Latin as Philip could not blab out English. Both in England and Spain the wedding was denounced. For Mary this immediately withdrew huge support and weakened her restoration of Catholicism. As mentioned, the wedding was across the nation opposed due to contradicting countries with different affairs and policies. When Philip get married Mary it meant that he was wedded the title King of England and a milkweed butterfly like Mary, of Ireland. Also, coinage then sap both Marys and Philips head that was engraved on them.Philip had married Mary for political reason only and in fact wrote to Brussels newspaperman stating that, the marriage was concluded for no carnal consid eration, but in order to indemnity the disorders of this kingdom and to preserve the Low Countries. This then leads the question to a fifth reason. In July 1557 Philip, confident with more power was impatient to renew a war with France he urged for Mary to support, which she did with little hesitation nor reluctance. Advisers begged Mary that England was in an unstable state to wedge a war due to persisting bad harvests meant that they lacked both food and finance.To make matters even worse was the fact that Pope Paul IV was allied with the French force under Henry II. This support in Marys failure to restore Catholicism. Disaster occurred again at a huge defeat in January 1558 when the French forces took Englands only village on the European mainland, Calais. This defeat actually was not needed. It positioned England in a very problematic state with attacks (which were more underage to the Battle with France) in the Pale knowledge domain in Dublin, Ireland due to the Planta tions that were in progress during the Tudor Dynasty.Marys reign was befitting completely tattered at this point to the extent of several and continuous faults. They all surrounded the failure of her attempt to restore Catholicism which was her main aim. As Philips marriage to Mary was solely based on political aspects Mary plans were different. Mary Tudors initial plan for marriage was in hopes to produce an heir to abdicate the throne. Elizabeth was Protestant and Mary did not narrow down to witness her enforcement of Catholicism (even though a failure) be diminished. Thus, this springs a sixth reason as to why Marys Catholic restoration was a failure.In short, she could not produce a child due to medical reasons ulterior devised, yet to elaborate there is more to the story. It was in September 1554 Mary began to array signs and symptoms of a pregnant woman. Of course, she stopped menstruating, her charge increased and she suffered from nausea in mornings and evenings. By Apr il 1555, her child was expected and even Elizabeth, who had been arrested since the Wyatt Rebellion, made an appearance at the awaited event. However, even Philip was unsure of the gestation. He even wrote in a letter to Maximilian of Austria (his brother-in-law) portraying his disbelief, he quotes . . the queens pregnancy deviate out not to have been as certain as we thought. up to now Susan Clarencieux (a lady in waiting), who was a protagonist of Mary Is, did begin to doubt that a child was present in her whom. Even by July Mary heretofore showed signs of being pregnant yet no child emerged and it was believed that she suffered from a phantom pregnancy. Possibly, she desired to have a child to succeed her that she was willing to create a tale. Her inability to produce an heir automatically meant that Elizabeth was next in line to the throne.This condition which Mary possessed meant that an heir under her faith would not be able to succeed the thrown. This was a huge gas th at failed her attempted restoration of Catholicism. Lastly, the ultimate cause of Marys failed restoration of Catholicism was due to the fact that her reign from 19th July 1553 was disturbed by her untimely death on 17th November 1558. It was proposed that she had died of an ovarian cyst or even a tumour which had caused her to believe (prior to her death) that she was pregnant. Philip was not in England at the time but in Brussels.He as he states, he felt a reasonable regret for her death. To conclude, there were seven main reasons for Marys failed attempt to restore Catholicism. Possibly if she had lived time-consuming she could have improved her position of the throne most importantly the restoration of Catholicism. However, there were so many reasons for this failure it is indefinite it could have been improved. Indeed, she left an impact, yet it is majorly quick-frozen on her negative title as Bloody Mary and most sure not on her restoration of Catholicism which was, sadly , a failure. BibliographyPrimary Sources Spirit of the English magazine. The atheneum or, spirit of the English Magazines. Volume 3-April-October, 1818. capital of Massachusetts Munroe and Francis, 1818. Secondary Sources Cobbett, William. A history of Protestant reformation, in England and Ireland. Harvard Willaim Clement Publishers, 1824. De Groot, Wim. The one-seventh window The Kings window donated by Philip II and Mary Tudor to Sint Janskerk in Gouda (1557). Amsterdam Uitgeverij Verloren, 2005. Duffy, Eamon. Fires of Faith Catholic England under Mary Tudor. Yale Yale University Press, 2009. Elton, G.R. England under the Tudors. capital of the United Kingdom Methuen, 1962. Fardell, Lane. 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